Medical Condition

Hematology / Blood Disorders

Hematology / Blood Disorders ICD-10: D89.811

Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease

A systemic immune-mediated disorder occurring post-allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant, involving multi-organ inflammation and fibrosis.

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Medical Disclaimer

This condition guide is intended for educational and informational purposes only. It does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider regarding any symptoms or medical conditions.

Clinical Assessment & Protocol

Typical Presentation (HPI)

EN: Patient post-transplant presents with lichenoid skin rashes, xerostomia, and joint stiffness. AR: مريض بعد الزراعة يعاني من طفح جلدي شبيه بالحزاز، جفاف الفم، وتيبس المفاصل.

General Examination

EN: Sclerotic skin patches, oral mucosal ulcerations, and reduced range of motion in joints. AR: بقع جلدية متصلبة، تقرحات في الغشاء المخاطي للفم، وانخفاض مدى حركة المفاصل.

Treatment Protocol

EN: Systemic corticosteroids combined with calcineurin inhibitors and phototherapy. AR: الكورتيكوستيرويدات الجهازية مع مثبطات الكالسينيورين والعلاج الضوئي.

Patient Education

EN: Strict adherence to immunosuppression and frequent monitoring for secondary infections. AR: الالتزام الصارم بتثبيت المناعة والمراقبة المتكررة للعدوى الثانوية.

Systemic & Specialized Examinations

Cardiovascular

EN: S1, S2 present. No murmurs. AR: صوتا القلب الأول والثاني طبيعيان. لا توجد نفخات.

Respiratory

EN: Lungs clear to auscultation. AR: الرئتان صافيتان عند التسمع.

Gastrointestinal

EN: Abdomen soft, non-tender. AR: البطن لين ولا يوجد ألم.

Neurological

EN: Alert, oriented x3. No focal deficits. AR: المريض واعي ومدرك. لا يوجد عجز عصبي بؤري.

Dermatological

EN: Unremarkable or not routinely indicated. AR: طبيعي أو غير مطلوب روتينياً.

Psychiatric

EN: Unremarkable or not routinely indicated. AR: طبيعي أو غير مطلوب روتينياً.

OB/GYN

EN: Unremarkable or not routinely indicated. AR: طبيعي أو غير مطلوب روتينياً.

Ophthalmic

EN: Unremarkable or not routinely indicated. AR: طبيعي أو غير مطلوب روتينياً.

Dental

EN: Unremarkable or not routinely indicated. AR: طبيعي أو غير مطلوب روتينياً.

Orthopedic & Trauma Assessments

Range of Motion

EN: Unremarkable or not routinely indicated. AR: طبيعي أو غير مطلوب روتينياً.

Local Examination

EN: Unremarkable or not routinely indicated. AR: طبيعي أو غير مطلوب روتينياً.

Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease (cGVHD): A Comprehensive Clinical Guide

Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease (cGVHD) represents one of the most significant long-term complications following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). As a multisystem, immune-mediated disorder, it mirrors several autoimmune and fibrotic conditions, posing a substantial challenge to transplant outcomes, quality of life, and long-term survival.

1. Comprehensive Introduction & Overview

Chronic GVHD is defined as a systemic immune-mediated disorder occurring after allogeneic HSCT, characterized by inflammation and fibrosis involving multiple organ systems. Unlike acute GVHD, which is primarily driven by donor T-cell responses against host antigens in the early post-transplant period (typically within the first 100 days), cGVHD typically emerges later, often after day 100, though it can overlap with acute presentations.

Epidemiology and Significance

Incidence: Affects 30% to 70% of long-term survivors of allogeneic HSCT.
Impact: It is the leading cause of non-relapse mortality (NRM) in patients who survive the first year post-transplant.
Clinical Presentation: Highly heterogeneous, ranging from mild dermatological involvement to severe, debilitating multi-organ failure.

2. Pathophysiology: The Mechanisms of Immune Dysregulation

The pathogenesis of cGVHD is complex, involving a breakdown in immune tolerance, aberrant T-cell and B-cell signaling, and the activation of pro-fibrotic pathways.

The Triad of Pathogenesis

Impaired Thymic Function: Reduced thymic output leads to an inability to delete self-reactive T-cells, resulting in a repertoire skewed toward autoreactivity.
Aberrant T-cell Activation: Donor-derived CD4+ T-cells exhibit a Th17 and T-follicular helper (Tfh) profile, which promotes B-cell activation and antibody production.
B-cell Dysregulation: Increased BAFF (B-cell activating factor) levels prevent the apoptosis of autoreactive B-cells, leading to the production of autoantibodies and immune complex deposition in tissues.

Fibrotic Cascade

Chronic inflammation leads to the activation of macrophages and myofibroblasts. These cells secrete TGF-β (Transforming Growth Factor-beta) and PDGF (Platelet-Derived Growth Factor), which drive excessive collagen deposition, leading to the hallmark "scleroderma-like" skin changes and internal organ fibrosis.

3. Clinical Staging and Grading

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Consensus Criteria are the gold standard for diagnosing and staging cGVHD.

NIH Consensus Scoring

The NIH criteria classify cGVHD based on organ involvement and severity:

Organ System	Mild	Moderate	Severe
Skin	<25% BSA, mild symptoms	>25% BSA or significant impairment	Scleroderma, ulceration, or deep fasciitis
Mouth	Mild symptoms, able to eat	Moderate symptoms, limited diet	Severe pain, inability to eat
Eyes	Dryness, no visual impairment	Severe symptoms, requiring drops	Inability to work/perform ADLs
Lungs	FEV1 > 80%	FEV1 60-79%	FEV1 < 60%

4. Clinical Presentation: Organ-Specific Manifestations

cGVHD can affect virtually any organ system. Below are the most frequent clinical presentations:

Dermatological (80% of cases)

Lichenoid: Erythematous, purple, pruritic papules.
Sclerodermatous: Thickening of the dermis, loss of skin elasticity, joint contractures.

Ocular (60-80% of cases)

Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eyes), photophobia, and gritty sensation.

Oral (60-70% of cases)

Mucositis, lichenoid plaques, atrophy, and xerostomia (dry mouth) leading to dental caries.

Pulmonary

Bronchiolitis Obliterans (BO): The most feared manifestation. Characterized by irreversible airflow obstruction, cough, and dyspnea.

Gastrointestinal and Hepatic

Esophageal webs, dysphagia, and cholestatic liver enzyme elevation.

5. Differential Diagnosis and Diagnostic Testing

Distinguishing cGVHD from other post-transplant complications is vital.

Key Differential Diagnoses

Acute GVHD: Typically earlier onset, different clinical features (e.g., maculopapular rash).
Drug-induced toxicity: Calcineurin inhibitor-associated symptoms.
Infection: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) or fungal infections mimicking systemic inflammation.
Relapse of Primary Malignancy: Must be excluded via biopsy.

Diagnostic Workup

Biopsy: Skin, oral mucosa, or labial salivary gland biopsies are confirmatory.
Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs): Essential for assessing BO (FEV1/FVC ratio).
Schirmer’s Test: Quantification of tear production for ocular involvement.
Serology: Assessment for autoantibodies (though not always diagnostic).

6. Risks, Side Effects, and Management Strategies

The management of cGVHD requires a multidisciplinary approach focusing on immunosuppression and supportive care.

Standard Pharmacotherapy

First-line: Corticosteroids (Prednisone 1 mg/kg/day).
Second-line/Steroid-Refractory:
- Ruxolitinib: JAK1/2 inhibitor (FDA-approved for steroid-refractory cGVHD).
- Belumosudil: ROCK2 inhibitor (targets the fibrotic pathway).
- Ibrutinib: BTK inhibitor (modulates B-cell signaling).
- Extracorporeal Photopheresis (ECP): Immunomodulatory procedure for refractory skin/mucosal disease.

Contraindications and Risks

Infection Risk: Chronic immunosuppression significantly increases the risk of opportunistic infections (e.g., Pneumocystis jirovecii, Herpes Zoster).
Metabolic Risks: Long-term steroid use leads to osteoporosis, hyperglycemia, and avascular necrosis.

7. Prognosis and Long-term Outlook

Prognosis depends heavily on the extent of organ involvement. Patients with extensive skin involvement or lung involvement (BO) have a poorer prognosis. With the advent of novel inhibitors like Ruxolitinib and Belumosudil, patient outcomes have significantly improved, shifting the focus from mere survival to functional recovery and quality of life.

8. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: How is cGVHD different from acute GVHD?
A: Acute GVHD occurs early (pre-day 100) and targets skin, gut, and liver. Chronic GVHD is an immune-mediated process resembling autoimmune disease, often involving fibrosis and occurring later.

Q2: Can cGVHD be cured?
A: While "cure" is a difficult term, many patients can achieve long-term remission through immunosuppressive therapy and eventually taper off medications.

Q3: What is the most dangerous form of cGVHD?
A: Bronchiolitis Obliterans (lung involvement) is considered the most severe and life-limiting manifestation of the disease.

Q4: How do I know if my skin changes are GVHD?
A: Any new rash, tightening, or thickening of the skin post-transplant should be evaluated by a dermatologist or transplant specialist via biopsy.

Q5: Are there non-drug treatments for cGVHD?
A: Yes. Extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP), physical therapy for contractures, and specialized dental care are essential components of management.

Q6: Does cGVHD increase the risk of cancer?
A: Yes, the combination of chronic inflammation and long-term immunosuppression increases the risk of secondary malignancies, particularly squamous cell carcinoma of the skin.

Q7: Can cGVHD affect the eyes?
A: Absolutely. It is one of the most common symptoms. Patients should maintain regular follow-ups with an ophthalmologist.

Q8: What is "steroid-refractory" cGVHD?
A: This refers to cases where the disease progresses or fails to improve despite adequate doses of corticosteroids, requiring the addition of second-line agents.

Q9: How often should I have PFTs?
A: Patients with known cGVHD or those at high risk should have serial pulmonary function tests to screen for subclinical obstructive lung disease.

Q10: Is there a genetic predisposition to cGVHD?
A: Research suggests that HLA mismatches and certain donor/recipient genetic polymorphisms (e.g., cytokine gene variants) may increase the risk, but it is primarily an immunological complication of the transplant procedure itself.

9. Clinical Conclusion

Chronic GVHD remains a formidable complication of HSCT, but our understanding of its molecular basis has ushered in a new era of precision medicine. By targeting specific pathways—such as ROCK2 or the JAK-STAT signaling cascade—clinicians can now offer more effective, less toxic therapies. Early detection through vigilant screening and a multi-organ assessment approach is the cornerstone of managing this complex disease, ensuring that patients can achieve not only survival but a sustainable quality of life.

Disclaimer: This guide is intended for informational purposes for healthcare professionals and clinical students. It does not replace the judgment of a transplant physician. Always refer to the latest institutional protocols and NIH Consensus criteria when managing individual patient cases.

Related Clinical Integration

In the management of Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease (cGVHD), a multidisciplinary approach is essential to address the systemic nature of the condition and its associated complications. Clinical care often necessitates the use of Immunosuppressants, such as Tacrolimus, Mycophenolate Mofetil, and various Corticosteroids, to modulate the immune response, requiring rigorous Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (Tacrolimus/Cyclosporine) to ensure efficacy and safety. Patients frequently require Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG) for refractory cases, while supportive care for potential organ involvement may involve Kidney Function Tests and Liver biopsy to monitor for treatment-related toxicity or disease progression. Furthermore, the management of secondary infections or complications often requires Broad-spectrum antibiotics and Anti-emetics (e.g., Ondansetron), while Pain management using [Analgesics (e.g., Acetaminophen, Opioids)](https://yemenhealthos.com/ar/clinic/medications/analgesics-eg-acetaminophen-opioids-standard-2

Treatment & Management Options

Recommended Medications

Acetaminophen-Codeine

Spasmodil tablet

Azenatt( ZIM India)

Ciplacef 500 vail

250 mg / 2.5 mL

Calcium Gluconate

Isosorbide Dinitrate

Sodium Bicarbonate

Hyalo4 plus cream

Botulinum Toxin

Certolizumab Pegol

Diphenoxylate/Atropine

100mg/28mg/79mg

Methylprednisolone

Polyethylene Glycol 3350 (PEG)

Rabiza 20mg tablet

Reprat (Delorbis Cyprus)

Telotristat Ethyl

Ursodeoxycholic Acid (UDCA)

Biofrost relief cold gel tube 100ml

Mentha Piperita Oil, Menthol ,MSM , Eucalypts Oil

Dexiren 25mg tablet

Divido 75 mg cap

ETRICIB (Zim India)

Moven15mg 30 capsules

Naprorex (Delorbis Cyprus)

0.9% Sodium Chloride (Normal Saline)

Acetaminophen-Codeine

Advaquenil 200mg

Agalsidase alfa

Agalsidase beta

Alcohol Swab (antiseptic)

Alteplase (tPA)

Analgesic (e.g., Fentanyl)

Analgesics (e.g., Acetaminophen, Opioids)

Analgesics (e.g., Fentanyl)

Analgesics (e.g., Fentanyl, NSAIDs)

Analgesics (e.g., NSAIDs, Opioids for post-procedure pain)

Analgesics (e.g., Opioids, NSAIDs)

Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers

Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors)

Anti-emetics (e.g., Ondansetron)

Anti-emetics (e.g., Ondansetron, Aprepitant)

Antibiotics (broad-spectrum, if infection suspected)

Antibiotics (e.g., Ciprofloxacin, Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole)

Antibiotics (for infections)

Antibiotics (if infection present)

Antibiotics (if underlying infection is present)

Anticholinergics (e.g., Glycopyrrolate, Scopolamine) for secretions

Anticoagulant (e.g., Heparin)

Anticoagulants (e.g., Citrate, Heparin)

Anticoagulants (e.g., Heparin)

Anticoagulants (e.g., Heparin, Citrate)

Antiemetics (e.g., Ondansetron) for nausea/vomiting

Antihistamine (for contrast allergy pre-medication)

Antihistamines (e.g., Diphenhydramine - for contrast reaction management)

Antihypertensives

Antimicrobial prophylaxis (e.g., Valganciclovir, Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole)

Antiplatelet (e.g., Aspirin, Clopidogrel)

Antiplatelet Agent (e.g., Aspirin/Clopidogrel)

Antiplatelet Agents (e.g., Aspirin, Clopidogrel)

Antiplatelet medication (e.g., Aspirin, Clopidogrel)

Antiproliferative agents (e.g., Mycophenolate Mofetil, Azathioprine)

Antiseptic Solution (e.g., Chlorhexidine gluconate 2% or Povidone-iodine)

Antiseptic Solution (e.g., Chlorhexidine)

Antiseptic solution (e.g., Chlorhexidine gluconate)

Antiseptic solution (e.g., Chlorhexidine or Povidone-iodine)

Antiseptic solution (e.g., Chlorhexidine, Povidone-iodine)

Antiseptic solution (e.g., Povidone-iodine, Chlorhexidine)

Antiseptic solution (e.g., isopropyl alcohol)

Anxiolytic (e.g., Lorazepam) for claustrophobia

Anxiolytics (e.g., Midazolam - for sedation, if indicated)

40 mcg / 0.4 mL

Aspirin (antiplatelet)

Benzodiazepines (e.g., Lorazepam, Midazolam) for anxiety/agitation/dyspnea

Biologic agents (e.g., TNF inhibitors, anti-CD20 antibodies)

Bisphosphonates

Broad-spectrum antibiotics

Broad-spectrum antibiotics (e.g., Cefazolin, Vancomycin)

CRRT Replacement Fluids/Dialysate

CRRT replacement fluids/dialysate solutions

CT contrast agent (e.g., Iodinated)

CVVHDF Replacement Fluid/Dialysate

Calcineurin inhibitors (e.g., Tacrolimus, Cyclosporine)

Calcium Chloride

Calcium and Vitamin D supplements (post-operative)

Cefazolin (Prophylactic antibiotic)

Chlorhexidine (antiseptic)

Chlorhexidine (for skin antisepsis)

Chlorhexidine gluconate (skin antiseptic)

Chlorhexidine or Povidone-iodine (antiseptic solution)

Citrate Salts (e.g., Potassium Citrate)

Clopidogrel (antiplatelet)

Conjugated estrogens

Conscious Sedation (e.g., Midazolam, Fentanyl)

Corticosteroids

Corticosteroids (e.g., Dexamethasone)

Corticosteroids (e.g., Methylprednisolone)

Corticosteroids (e.g., Prednisone - for pre-medication in high-risk patients)

Corticosteroids (e.g., Prednisone, Methylprednisolone)

Cryoprecipitate

Cyclophosphamide

Cycloplegic eye drops (e.g., cyclopentolate)

Dextrose 5% in 0.45% Sodium Chloride

Dextrose 5% in Water (D5W)

Dialysis Solution

Diphenhydramine

Diphenhydramine (for allergy pre-medication)

Direct Oral Anticoagulants (DOACs)

Diuretics (e.g., Furosemide)

Diuretics (e.g., Furosemide) for symptomatic fluid overload (if indicated for comfort)

Electrolyte Supplements (e.g., Calcium Gluconate)

Electrolyte Supplements (e.g., Calcium gluconate, Potassium chloride)

Electrolyte additives (e.g., Calcium chloride, Potassium chloride)

1080 mg / 20 mL

Empiric antibiotics (post-culture, if infection suspected)

Enteral feeding formulas (e.g., polymeric, elemental, disease-specific)

Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) supportive medications (e.g., antihistamines, corticosteroids for infusion reactions)

Epinephrine (for bleeding control)

Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (e.g., Epoetin alfa)

Fentanyl (Analgesic/Anesthetic)

Fentanyl (analgesia/sedation)

Fentanyl (for analgesia/sedation, if indicated)

Fludrocortisone

Fluorescein dye strips/drops

Fresh Frozen Plasma

Furosemide (if fluid overloaded and urine output is low)

GLP-1 Receptor Agonists

1000 mg / 40 mL

General Anesthetic Agents

General Anesthetic Agents (e.g., Propofol, Sevoflurane)

General Anesthetic Agents (if general anesthesia used)

General Anesthetics (e.g., Propofol, Sevoflurane)

General anesthetics (e.g., Propofol, Sevoflurane, Fentanyl)

Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factors (G-CSF) (e.g., Filgrastim)

Heparin (Anticoagulant)

Heparin (for catheter patency, if TPN)

Heparin (pre-filled in ABG syringe)

Heparin or Citrate Lock Solution (for catheter lumen patency)

Hypertonic Saline

IV Saline (hydration and flush)

Immunosuppressants

Immunosuppressants (e.g., Tacrolimus, Mycophenolate Mofetil, Prednisone)

Immunosuppressants (e.g., corticosteroids, azathioprine)

Induction immunosuppressants (e.g., Basiliximab, Alemtuzumab)

Insulin (for glucose control)

Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG)

Intravenous fluids

Intravenous fluids (e.g., Normal Saline)

Iodinated Contrast Agent

Iodinated Contrast Media

Iodinated contrast media (e.g., Iohexol, Iodixanol)

Iodinated contrast medium

Ipratropium Bromide

Iron Supplements

Iron supplements (e.g., Ferrous sulfate)

Iron supplements (if anemia is present)

Isopropyl alcohol (for skin antisepsis)

45 mg AM / 15 mg PM

Lactated Ringer's solution

Lidocaine (Local Anesthetic)

Lidocaine (local anesthetic, optional)

Lidocaine (topical/nebulized anesthetic)

Lidocaine 1% (for local anesthesia if indicated)

Lidocaine gel (for catheter insertion)

Lidocaine with epinephrine (local anesthetic)

Lisinopril 10mg

Local Anesthetic (e.g., Lidocaine 1% or 2%)

Local Anesthetic (e.g., Lidocaine with Epinephrine)

Local Anesthetic (e.g., Lidocaine)

Local Anesthetic (e.g., Lidocaine, Bupivacaine)

Local anesthetic (e.g., Lidocaine) - if required for catheter removal

Local anesthetic (e.g., Lidocaine) for vascular access

Loop diuretics (e.g., Furosemide) - use with caution and only if fluid overloaded

Low Molecular Weight Heparin (LMWH)

MRI contrast agent (e.g., Gadolinium-based)

Magnesium Oxide

Medications for managing complications (e.g., ACE inhibitors, ARBs for proteinuria, diuretics, antihypertensives)

Methotrexate 15mg Weekly

Methylprednisolone (for allergy pre-medication)

Midazolam (Sedation)

Midazolam (for conscious sedation, if indicated)

Midazolam/Fentanyl (conscious sedation, if needed)

Midazolam/Fentanyl (for conscious sedation)

50 mcg / 0.3 mL

Morphine (Post-operative analgesia)

Mycophenolate Mofetil

Mydriatic eye drops (e.g., tropicamide)

N-acetylcysteine

N-acetylcysteine (potential nephroprotective agent, evidence is evolving)

N-acetylcysteine - if nephrotoxic insult is suspected and within treatment window

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

Normal Saline (for IV flush)

Normal Saline (for flushing)

Normal Saline (for irrigation)

Normal Saline 0.9%

Normal Saline or Lactated Ringer's (lavage fluid)

Normal saline (for flush)

Ondansetron 4mg (PRN Nausea)

Opioid analgesics (e.g., Morphine, Hydromorphone) for pain/dyspnea

94.5 mg / 0.5 mL

Paracetamol/NSAID (for post-procedure pain, as needed)

Penicillin G Benzathine

Pericardiocentesis fluid analysis (for culture and sensitivity)

Phosphate Binders

Phosphate binders (e.g., Calcium acetate)

Phosphate binders (e.g., Calcium acetate, Sevelamer)

Phosphate supplements

Piperacillin-Tazobactam

Plasma exchange

Platelet concentrate

Post-operative Analgesics

Post-operative Analgesics (e.g., Opioids, NSAIDs)

Post-procedure Analgesics (e.g., NSAIDs, Opioids)

Potassium Chloride

Potassium Citrate

Potassium binders (e.g., Patiromer)

Potassium binders (e.g., Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate)

Potassium citrate (alkalinizing agent to help dissolve struvite stones)

Povidone-iodine or Chlorhexidine (antiseptic solution)

Prophylactic Antibiotic (e.g., Cefazolin)

Prophylactic Antibiotic (if indicated)

Prophylactic Antibiotics

Prophylactic Antibiotics (case-dependent, e.g., Cefazolin)

Prophylactic Antibiotics (e.g., Cefazolin)

Prophylactic Antibiotics (e.g., Cefazolin, Vancomycin)

Propofol (Anesthetic induction)

Proteasome Inhibitors (e.g., Bortezomib)

Proton pump inhibitors (for stress ulcer prophylaxis)

Rocuronium (Muscle relaxant)

SGLT2 Inhibitors

Salbutamol (Albuterol)

Salbutamol (bronchodilator, if indicated)

Saline solutions (e.g., 0.9% NaCl)

Sclerosing Agent (e.g., Talc slurry)

Sedation (e.g., Midazolam)

Sedative (e.g., Midazolam)

Sedative (e.g., Midazolam) for uncooperative or claustrophobic patients

Sedative/Analgesic (e.g., Midazolam, Fentanyl)

Sedatives (e.g., Midazolam)

Sedatives (e.g., Propofol)

Sodium Bicarbonate (for urine alkalinization, if indicated)

Sodium Phenylbutyrate

Sodium Thiosulfate

Sodium bicarbonate - for severe metabolic acidosis

Specific Chemotherapeutic Agents (e.g., Cisplatin, Doxorubicin, Paclitaxel)

Specific Intravenous Antibiotic (e.g., Ceftriaxone, Vancomycin)

Sterile Saline (for bladder instillation)

Systemic antibiotics (if infection present or high risk)

TPN solution (customized with dextrose, amino acids, lipids, electrolytes, vitamins, trace elements)

Thiazide Diuretics

Topical anesthetic eye drops (e.g., proxymetacaine)

Topical antibiotic ointment (e.g., bacitracin, mupirocin)

Unfractionated Heparin

Unfractionated Heparin (UFH)

Uricosuric agents (e.g., Allopurinol, if underlying hyperuricemia is a contributing factor)

Vasopressors (e.g., Norepinephrine)

Vasopressors (e.g., Norepinephrine) for hemodynamic support

Vasopressors (e.g., Norepinephrine) for hemodynamic support if needed

Vasopressors/Inotropes (as needed for hemodynamic support)

Vitamin D Analogs

Vitamin D analogs (e.g., Calcitriol)

Vitamin D analogs (e.g., Paricalcitol)

Vitamin D supplements

Vitamin K (for warfarin reversal)

210 mg (Ferric Iron)

40mg - 3.3 mg - 5mg

Calcium Citrate

DEVIT-3 oral drop

DODEPAR ORAL VIAL

1000mcg/500mcg/5mg/6.1mg/10mg

IV Iron (Ferric Carboxymaltose)

Iron (Ferrous Sulfate)

Juvamine Mg (Juvasante French)

Magnesium 300 mg and B2 1.2 mg and B6 2 mg

Lynae D3 50,000

D3 (50,000 IU) and K2 (125 mg)

MECOKEM B12 Tablets

500 ميكروجرام

Shohl's Solution

Sodium Bicarbonate

Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin)

Ca(1000)mg/Mg(240)mg/D(200)mg/Zn(11mg)

Medical Procedures / Surgeries

24-Hour Urine Collection for Oxalate and Citrate

Other Procedure

24-hour Urine Collection

Other Procedure

24-hour Urine Collection for Metabolic Evaluation

Other Procedure

24-hour Urine Collection for Proteinuria

Other Procedure

24-hour Urine Collection for Proteinuria and Creatinine Clearance

Other Procedure

24-hour Urine Protein Collection

Other Procedure

3D Mapping (CARTO/EnSite)

Diagnostic Intervention

ABO-Incompatible Kidney Transplant Desensitization

Physical / Respiratory Therapy

AC Joint Reconstruction

Surgery / Invasive

AC Joint Reconstruction (Weaver-Dunn)

Surgery / Invasive

ACL Reconstruction (Allograft)

Surgery / Invasive

ACL Reconstruction (Hamstring Autograft)

Surgery / Invasive

ACL Reconstruction (Hamstring Graft)

Surgery / Invasive

ACL Reconstruction (Patellar Tendon Autograft)

Surgery / Invasive

ACL Reconstruction (Patellar Tendon Graft)

Surgery / Invasive

AF Ablation (PVI)

Surgery / Invasive

Other Procedure

Abdominoperineal Resection (APR)

Surgery / Invasive

Abdominoplasty (Tummy Tuck)

Surgery / Invasive

Above-Knee Amputation (Transfemoral) for Tumor

Surgery / Invasive

Achilles Tendon Reconstruction

Surgery / Invasive

Achilles Tendon Repair (Open/Percutaneous)

Surgery / Invasive

Acid-Base Balance Assessment

Other Procedure

Acromioplasty (Open)

Surgery / Invasive

Acthar Gel (Repository Corticotropin Injection) Administration

Injection / Infusion

Activity Modification Counseling

Other Procedure

Airway Stent Placement (Silicone/Metal)

Surgery / Invasive

Alcohol Septal Ablation

Other Procedure

Alkaline phosphatase measurement

Other Procedure

Alveolar Bone Grafting

Surgery / Invasive

Ambulatory BP Monitoring

Diagnostic Intervention

Ambulatory ECG Monitoring (Holter) - Extended

Diagnostic Intervention

Ammonium Chloride Loading Test

Diagnostic Intervention

Diagnostic Intervention

Amputation (Above Knee)

Surgery / Invasive

Amputation (Below Knee)

Surgery / Invasive

Amputation (Upper Extremity - e.g., Forearm/Arm)

Surgery / Invasive

Amputation (Upper Extremity)

Surgery / Invasive

Aneurysm Clipping (Open)

Surgery / Invasive

Aneurysm Coiling (Endovascular)

Surgery / Invasive

Other Procedure

Ankle Arthrodesis (Fusion)

Surgery / Invasive

Ankle Arthroscopy (Diagnostic/Debridement)

Surgery / Invasive

Ankle Sprain Rehab Protocol

Physical / Respiratory Therapy

Ankle Sprain Rehabilitation Protocol

Physical / Respiratory Therapy

Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion (ACDF)

Surgery / Invasive

Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion (ALIF)

Surgery / Invasive

Anterolateral Thigh (ALT) Free Flap

Surgery / Invasive

Anti-PLA2R Antibody Assay

Other Procedure

Anti-Thymocyte Globulin (ATG) Induction Therapy

Injection / Infusion

Anti-reflux Mucosectomy (ARMS)

Surgery / Invasive

Anticoagulation management

Other Procedure

Antistreptolysin O (ASO) Titer

Other Procedure

Aortic Arch Replacement

Surgery / Invasive

Aortic Root Replacement (Bentall Procedure)

Surgery / Invasive

Aortic Root Replacement (Bentall)

Surgery / Invasive

Aortic Valve Replacement - Bioprosthetic

Surgery / Invasive

Aortic Valve Replacement - Mechanical

Surgery / Invasive

Diagnostic Intervention

Application of Negative Pressure Wound Therapy (Wound VAC)

Physical / Respiratory Therapy

Aquablation of the Prostate

Surgery / Invasive

Argon Plasma Coagulation (APC) - Endobronchial

Surgery / Invasive

Arterial Line Placement

Surgery / Invasive

Other Procedure

Arteriovenous (AV) Fistula Creation

Surgery / Invasive

Arteriovenous Fistula (AVF) Creation (Radiocephalic/Brachiocephalic)

Surgery / Invasive

Arteriovenous Fistulogram (Diagnostic & Interventional)

Diagnostic Intervention

Arteriovenous Graft (AVG) Placement

Surgery / Invasive

Arthrocentesis (Joint Aspiration)

Surgery / Invasive

Arthroscopic AC Joint Resection (Distal Clavicle Excision)

Surgery / Invasive

Arthroscopic ACL Reconstruction

Surgery / Invasive

Arthroscopic Ankle Impingement Debridement

Surgery / Invasive

Arthroscopic Biceps Tenodesis

Surgery / Invasive

Arthroscopic Biceps Tenodesis / Tenotomy

Surgery / Invasive

Arthroscopic Capsular Release (Frozen Shoulder)

Surgery / Invasive

Arthroscopic Chondroplasty

Surgery / Invasive

Arthroscopic Distal Clavicle Excision (Mumford Procedure)

Surgery / Invasive

Arthroscopic Femoroacetabular Impingement (FAI) Correction

Surgery / Invasive

Arthroscopic Labral Repair (Bankart/SLAP)

Surgery / Invasive

Arthroscopic Labral Repair (Hip)

Surgery / Invasive

Arthroscopic Loose Body Removal (Hip)

Surgery / Invasive

Arthroscopic Loose Body Removal (Knee)

Surgery / Invasive

Arthroscopic Medial Plica Excision

Surgery / Invasive

Arthroscopic Meniscus Repair

Surgery / Invasive

Arthroscopic Microfracture (Cartilage Repair)

Surgery / Invasive

Arthroscopic Osteochondral Lesion Repair (Elbow)

Surgery / Invasive

Arthroscopic Partial Meniscectomy

Surgery / Invasive

Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair

Surgery / Invasive

Arthroscopic Subacromial Decompression

Surgery / Invasive

Arthroscopic Synovectomy and Loose Body Removal

Surgery / Invasive

Artificial Disc Replacement (Cervical)

Surgery / Invasive

Artificial Disc Replacement (Lumbar)

Surgery / Invasive

Artificial Urinary Sphincter (AUS) Implantation

Surgery / Invasive

Ascending Aorta Replacement

Surgery / Invasive

Aspiration Therapy (AspireAssist)

Surgery / Invasive

Aspiration of Joint Effusion

Other Procedure

Aspiration of Joint Effusion (Diagnostic)

Diagnostic Intervention

Atrial Flutter Ablation

Surgery / Invasive

Atrial Septal Defect Closure

Surgery / Invasive

Atrial Septostomy (Balloon/Blade)

Surgery / Invasive

Other Procedure

Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation (ACI) (Knee)

Surgery / Invasive

Autonomic Function Testing

Diagnostic Intervention

Axillary Lymph Node Dissection (ALND)

Surgery / Invasive

Back Slab Splint Application

Other Procedure

Balance & Proprioception Training

Physical / Respiratory Therapy

Balloon Pericardiotomy

Other Procedure

Balloon Pulmonary Angioplasty (BPA)

Surgery / Invasive

Baroreflex Activation Therapy (BAT)

Other Procedure

Baroreflex Activation Therapy (BAT) Implant

Surgery / Invasive

Barrett's Ablation - APC

Surgery / Invasive

Barrett's Ablation - Cryotherapy

Surgery / Invasive

Barrett's Ablation - Cryotherapy (Liquid nitrogen)

Surgery / Invasive

Barrett's Ablation - Radiofrequency (HALO)

Surgery / Invasive

Barrett's Ablation - Radiofrequency Ablation (HALO)

Surgery / Invasive

Bartholin Gland Marsupialization / I&D

Surgery / Invasive

Basic Wound Dressing Change

Other Procedure

Belatacept Infusion Protocol

Injection / Infusion

Belimumab Infusion Protocol (Lupus Nephritis)

Injection / Infusion

Below-Knee Amputation (Transtibial) for Tumor

Surgery / Invasive

BiVAD Implantation

Surgery / Invasive

Bioimpedance Spectroscopy (BIS) for Dry Weight

Diagnostic Intervention

Blepharoplasty (Upper/Lower)

Surgery / Invasive

Other Procedure

Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) Measurement

Other Procedure

Blood pressure monitoring

Other Procedure

Body Plethysmography

Diagnostic Intervention

Bone Biopsy (Percutaneous)

Other Procedure

Bone Biopsy (Percutaneous, Image-Guided)

Diagnostic Intervention

Bone Grafting (Allograft - Cadaveric)

Surgery / Invasive

Bone Grafting (Allograft)

Surgery / Invasive

Bone Grafting (Autograft - Iliac Crest)

Surgery / Invasive

Bone Grafting (Autograft)

Surgery / Invasive

Bone Grafting (Sinus Lift / Ridge Augmentation)

Surgery / Invasive

Bone Marrow Aspiration (Cardiac)

Diagnostic Intervention

Bone Marrow Aspiration and Biopsy

Diagnostic Intervention

Bone Marrow Biopsy

Other Procedure

Bone Marrow-Derived Stem Cell Therapy

Other Procedure

Bone Tumor Excision

Surgery / Invasive

Bone Tumor Excision (Limb Salvage)

Surgery / Invasive

Other Procedure

Botulinum Toxin Injection

Surgery / Invasive

Botulinum Toxin Injection (Aesthetics)

Injection / Infusion

Botulinum Toxin Injection for Masseter Hypertrophy

Surgery / Invasive

Brachioplasty (Arm Lift)

Surgery / Invasive

Breast Augmentation (Silicone/Saline)

Surgery / Invasive

Breast Lumpectomy (Partial Mastectomy)

Surgery / Invasive

Bronchial Thermoplasty

Surgery / Invasive

Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL)

Diagnostic Intervention

Bronchodilator Therapy

Other Procedure

Other Procedure

Buccal Fat Pad Excision

Surgery / Invasive

Bunionectomy (Hallux Valgus Correction)

Surgery / Invasive

Buttonhole Cannulation Technique Training

Physical / Respiratory Therapy

CABG - Off Pump (OPCAB)

Surgery / Invasive

CMC Arthroplasty (Thumb - LRTI)

Surgery / Invasive

CPAP/BiPAP Titration Study

Diagnostic Intervention

Surgery / Invasive

CRT-P (Biventricular Pacemaker)

Surgery / Invasive

CT Angiography of Renal Arteries

Other Procedure

CT Scan of the Abdomen and Pelvis (non-contrast)

Other Procedure

CT scan of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder (KUB)

Other Procedure

CTO PCI (Complex)

Surgery / Invasive

Calciphylaxis Wound Management & Sodium Thiosulfate Protocol

Physical / Respiratory Therapy

Calf Implant Insertion

Surgery / Invasive

Surgery / Invasive

Surgery / Invasive

Capsular Shift (Multidirectional Instability)

Surgery / Invasive

Capsule Endoscopy (PillCam COLON 2)

Diagnostic Intervention

Capsule Endoscopy (PillCam ESO)

Diagnostic Intervention

Capsule Endoscopy (PillCam PAN)

Diagnostic Intervention

Capsule Endoscopy (PillCam SB3)

Diagnostic Intervention

Cardiac Catheterization

Other Procedure

Cardiac Contractility Modulation (CCM)

Other Procedure

Cardiac Contractility Modulation (CCM) Implant

Surgery / Invasive

Cardiac Myxoma Resection

Surgery / Invasive

Cardiac Rehabilitation (Session)

Physical / Respiratory Therapy

Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT-P)

Surgery / Invasive

Cardiac Shockwave Therapy

Other Procedure

Cardioneuroablation

Surgery / Invasive

Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test

Diagnostic Intervention

Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing (CPET)

Diagnostic Intervention

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)

Other Procedure

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (if indicated)

Other Procedure

Cardioversion (DCCV)

Other Procedure

Carotid Artery Stenting

Surgery / Invasive

Carotid Endarterectomy

Surgery / Invasive

Carotid Endarterectomy (CEA)

Surgery / Invasive

Carpal Tunnel Release

Surgery / Invasive

Carpal Tunnel Release (Endoscopic)

Surgery / Invasive

Carpal Tunnel Release (Open)

Surgery / Invasive

Catheter removal

Other Procedure

Catheter tip culture

Other Procedure

Catheter-directed thrombolysis

Other Procedure

Caudal Epidural Injection

Injection / Infusion

Cavus Foot Correction

Surgery / Invasive

Cemented Hemiarthroplasty for Pathologic Fracture

Surgery / Invasive

Central Venous Catheter (CVC) Placement

Surgery / Invasive

Central venous catheter placement

Other Procedure

Cervical Cerclage

Surgery / Invasive

Cervical Corpectomy for Tumor

Surgery / Invasive

Cervical Laminectomy

Surgery / Invasive

Cervical Laminoplasty

Surgery / Invasive

Cervical Radiculopathy Rehab Protocol

Physical / Respiratory Therapy

Cervical Radiculopathy Rehabilitation

Physical / Respiratory Therapy

Cervical Spinal Fusion (ACDF)

Surgery / Invasive

Cesarean Section (Lower Uterine Segment)

Surgery / Invasive

Chalazion Incision and Curettage (I&C)

Surgery / Invasive

Chemical Peel (Deep)

Surgery / Invasive

Chemical Pleurodesis (Talc/Doxycycline)

Surgery / Invasive

Chemodenervation for Spasticity

Surgery / Invasive

Chemotherapy (for underlying malignancy)

Other Procedure

Chest Wall Resection and Reconstruction

Surgery / Invasive

Cholangioscopy (SpyGlass) with Lithotripsy

Surgery / Invasive

Chronic Total Occlusion (CTO) PCI

Surgery / Invasive

Circumcision (Adult)

Surgery / Invasive

Cleft Lip / Palate Repair

Surgery / Invasive

Cleft Lip Repair (Cheiloplasty)

Surgery / Invasive

Cleft Palate Repair (Palatoplasty)

Surgery / Invasive

Cleft Rhinoplasty (Definitive)

Surgery / Invasive

Clitoral Hood Reduction

Surgery / Invasive

Closed Reduction - Ankle Fracture/Dislocation

Other Procedure

Closed Reduction - Distal Radius Fracture

Other Procedure

Closed Reduction - Finger Dislocation

Other Procedure

Closed Reduction - Joint Dislocation (e.g., Elbow/Knee)

Other Procedure

Closed Reduction - Long Bone Fracture

Other Procedure

Closed Reduction - Patella Dislocation

Other Procedure

Closed Reduction - Shoulder Dislocation

Other Procedure

Closed Reduction and Casting

Physical / Respiratory Therapy

Closed Reduction and Casting - Distal Radius

Other Procedure

Closed Reduction and Percutaneous Pinning (CRPP) - Distal Radius

Surgery / Invasive

Closed Reduction and Splinting

Other Procedure

Clubfoot Casting (Ponseti Method)

Surgery / Invasive

Clubfoot Correction (Extensive Soft Tissue Release)

Surgery / Invasive

Clubfoot Correction (Ponseti Method)

Surgery / Invasive

Coaptation Splint Application

Other Procedure

Colonoscopy (Diagnostic/Screening)

Diagnostic Intervention

Colostomy Closure / Reversal

Surgery / Invasive

Colposcopy with Cervical Biopsy

Diagnostic Intervention

Common Bile Duct Exploration (CBDE)

Surgery / Invasive

Compartment Syndrome Fasciotomy

Surgery / Invasive

Complement level testing

Other Procedure

Complement-Dependent Cytotoxicity (CDC) Assay

Other Procedure

Complex Wound Care

Other Procedure

Computed Tomography (CT) Scan of Kidneys

Other Procedure

Conduction System Pacing (LBBAP)

Surgery / Invasive

Congenital Vertical Talus Correction

Surgery / Invasive

Congenital Vertical Talus Correction (Rock-Bottom Flatfoot)

Surgery / Invasive

Continuous Erythropoietin Receptor Activator (CERA) Administration

Injection / Infusion

Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT)

Other Procedure

Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT) Management

Other Procedure

Continuous Venovenous Hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF) Initiation

Physical / Respiratory Therapy

Continuous Video EEG Monitoring

Diagnostic Intervention

Convergent AF Ablation

Surgery / Invasive

Core Needle Allograft Kidney Biopsy

Diagnostic Intervention

Core Needle Biopsy of Bone Tumor (US/CT Guided)

Diagnostic Intervention

Core Needle Biopsy of Soft Tissue Sarcoma

Diagnostic Intervention

Core Stabilization Exercises (Spine)

Physical / Respiratory Therapy

Corneal Transplant (Penetrating Keratoplasty - PKP)

Surgery / Invasive

Coronary Angiography

Diagnostic Intervention

Coronary Angiography (Left Heart Cath)

Diagnostic Intervention

Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) - Off Pump (OPCAB)

Surgery / Invasive

Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) - On Pump

Surgery / Invasive

Coronary Flow Reserve (CFR)

Diagnostic Intervention

Coronary Sinus Reducer

Surgery / Invasive

Coronary Sinus Reducer Implantation

Surgery / Invasive

Corpectomy (Cervical)

Surgery / Invasive

Corpus Callosotomy

Surgery / Invasive

Craniotomy for Tumor Resection

Surgery / Invasive

Cricothyroidotomy

Surgery / Invasive

Cross-Facial Nerve Graft

Surgery / Invasive

Cryoablation of Bone Tumor

Surgery / Invasive

Cryocrit determination

Other Procedure

Cryotherapy / Cryobiopsy - Endobronchial

Surgery / Invasive

Curettage and Bone Grafting of Hand Enchondroma

Surgery / Invasive

Curettage of Calcaneal Bone Cyst

Surgery / Invasive

Curettage with Adjuvant Therapy (Phenol/Cryotherapy/Argon)

Surgery / Invasive

Custom 3D-Printed Pelvic Reconstruction

Surgery / Invasive

Custom Orthosis Fitting

Other Procedure

Custom Orthosis Fitting (Spine/Limb)

Other Procedure

Cyclophosphamide Oral Protocol (Euro-Lupus / Vasculitis)

Physical / Respiratory Therapy

DBE - Total enteroscopy

Diagnostic Intervention

DIEP Flap Breast Reconstruction

Surgery / Invasive

DLCO (Diffusion Capacity of Carbon Monoxide)

Diagnostic Intervention

Darrach Procedure (for Tumor)

Surgery / Invasive

David Procedure (Valve-Sparing Root Replacement)

Surgery / Invasive

David Procedure (Valve-Sparing)

Surgery / Invasive

De Quervain’s Tenosynovitis Release

Surgery / Invasive

Debridement & Irrigation of Septic Joint

Surgery / Invasive

Debridement of Necrotizing Infection

Surgery / Invasive

Debridement of Open Fracture

Surgery / Invasive

Debridement of Open Fracture (Gustilo)

Surgery / Invasive

Debridement of Osteomyelitis

Surgery / Invasive

Debridement of Osteomyelitis (Sequestrectomy)

Surgery / Invasive

Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) Implantation

Surgery / Invasive

Deep Circumflex Iliac Artery (DCIA) Flap

Surgery / Invasive

Deep Plane Rhytidectomy

Surgery / Invasive

Other Procedure

Dental Crown Preparation and Cementation

Physical / Respiratory Therapy

Dental Implant Placement (Endosseous)

Surgery / Invasive

Dermal Filler Injection (Hyaluronic Acid)

Injection / Infusion

Descending Aorta Replacement

Surgery / Invasive

Desensitization Protocol for HLA-Incompatible Transplant

Physical / Respiratory Therapy

Diagnostic Arthroscopy - Ankle

Diagnostic Intervention

Diagnostic Arthroscopy - Knee

Diagnostic Intervention

Diagnostic Arthroscopy - Shoulder

Diagnostic Intervention

Diagnostic Cystoscopy (Flexible)

Diagnostic Intervention

Diagnostic Cystoscopy (Rigid)

Diagnostic Intervention

Diagnostic Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)

Diagnostic Intervention

Diagnostic Laparoscopy

Surgery / Invasive

Diagnostic Paracentesis for PD Peritonitis

Diagnostic Intervention

Diagnostic Peritoneal Lavage

Other Procedure

Diagnostic paracentesis

Other Procedure

Dialysate temperature adjustment

Other Procedure

Diaphyseal Intercalary Resection of Tibia

Surgery / Invasive

Dilation and Curettage (D&C)

Surgery / Invasive

Direct Current Cardioversion (DCCV)

Other Procedure

Discography (Cervical/Lumbar)

Diagnostic Intervention

Discontinuation of Dialysis

Other Procedure

Distal Biceps Tendon Repair

Surgery / Invasive

Distal Femoral Osteotomy (DFO)

Surgery / Invasive

Distal Femoral Osteotomy for Genu Valgum (Knock-Knee)

Surgery / Invasive

Distal Fibulectomy (Tumor Resection)

Surgery / Invasive

Distal Radioulnar Joint (DRUJ) Arthroplasty (Sauve-Kapandji)

Surgery / Invasive

Distal Radius Resection with Fibular Autograft Reconstruction

Surgery / Invasive

Distraction Osteogenesis (Mandible)

Surgery / Invasive

Double Valve Replacement (AVR + MVR)

Surgery / Invasive

Double-Balloon Enteroscopy (DBE) - Antegrade

Diagnostic Intervention

Double-Balloon Enteroscopy - Retrograde

Diagnostic Intervention

Double-J (DJ) Stent Insertion

Surgery / Invasive

Double-J Stent Removal

Surgery / Invasive

Drug history review

Other Procedure

Duplex Ultrasound

Other Procedure

Duplex Ultrasound of Renal Arteries

Other Procedure

Dupuytren's Fasciectomy

Surgery / Invasive

ECMO - Veno-Arterial (VA-ECMO)

Other Procedure

ECMO - Veno-Venous (VV-ECMO)

Other Procedure

ECMO Cannulation

Surgery / Invasive

EFTR - Over-the-scope clip (OTSC) assisted

Surgery / Invasive

EMG/Nerve Conduction Study (NCS) Referral

Diagnostic Intervention

EMR - Cap assisted

Surgery / Invasive

EMR - Underwater (U-EMR)

Surgery / Invasive

ERCP - Ampullectomy (Endoscopic papillectomy)

Surgery / Invasive

ERCP - Bilateral Hilar Stenting (Stent-in-Stent)

Surgery / Invasive

ERCP - Biliary Sphincterotomy

Surgery / Invasive

ERCP - Biliary Stent Placement (Fully covered SEMS)

Surgery / Invasive

ERCP - Biliary Stent Placement (Plastic 5-12Fr)

Surgery / Invasive

ERCP - Biliary Stent Placement (Uncovered SEMS)

Surgery / Invasive

ERCP - Biliary Stone Extraction (Balloon/Basket)

Surgery / Invasive

ERCP - Cholangioscopy (SpyGlass) Guided Biopsy

Diagnostic Intervention

ERCP - Cyst Duct Stenting (Mirizzi syndrome)

Surgery / Invasive

ERCP - Electrohydraulic Lithotripsy (EHL)

Surgery / Invasive

ERCP - Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL)

Surgery / Invasive

ERCP - Laser Lithotripsy

Surgery / Invasive

ERCP - Mechanical Lithotripsy

Surgery / Invasive

ERCP - Minor Papilla Cannulation

Diagnostic Intervention

ERCP - Minor Papilla Sphincterotomy

Surgery / Invasive

ERCP - Pancreatic Sphincterotomy

Surgery / Invasive

ERCP - Pancreatic Stent Placement

Surgery / Invasive

ERCP - Pancreatic Stone Extraction

Surgery / Invasive

Surgery / Invasive

Surgery / Invasive

ESD - Stomach (Antrum)

Surgery / Invasive

ESD - Stomach (Body/ Fundus)

Surgery / Invasive

EUS - Biliary Drainage (EUS-BD) - Antegrade stenting

Surgery / Invasive

EUS - Biliary Drainage (EUS-BD) - Choledochoduodenostomy

Surgery / Invasive

EUS - Biliary Drainage (EUS-BD) - Hepaticogastrostomy

Surgery / Invasive

EUS - Celiac Plexus Block (CPB) with steroids

Surgery / Invasive

EUS - Celiac Plexus Neurolysis (CPN)

Surgery / Invasive

EUS - Cystogastrostomy (Lumen-apposing metal stent)

Surgery / Invasive

EUS - Cystogastrostomy (Plastic stent double pigtail)

Surgery / Invasive

EUS - FNA of Left Adrenal Gland

Diagnostic Intervention

EUS - FNA of Mediastinal Lymph Nodes

Diagnostic Intervention

EUS - Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) of Pancreas

Diagnostic Intervention

EUS - Fine Needle Biopsy (FNB) of Pancreas

Diagnostic Intervention

EUS - Fine Needle Injection (FNI) of Pancreatic Cysts

Surgery / Invasive

EUS - Gallbladder Drainage (EUS-GBD)

Surgery / Invasive

EUS - Gastric Varices Coil Embolization

Surgery / Invasive

EUS - Pancreatic Duct Drainage (EUS-PD)

Surgery / Invasive

EUS - Portal Pressure Gradient Measurement

Diagnostic Intervention

EUS - Staging of Esophageal Cancer (EUS-TNM)

Diagnostic Intervention

EUS - Staging of Gastric Cancer

Diagnostic Intervention

EUS - Staging of Pancreatic Cancer (Resectability)

Diagnostic Intervention

EUS - Staging of Rectal Cancer

Diagnostic Intervention

EUS-Celiac Plexus Neurolysis (CPN)

Surgery / Invasive

EUS-guided Biliary Drainage (EUS-BD)

Surgery / Invasive

EUS-guided Cystogastrostomy (LAMS)

Surgery / Invasive

EUS-guided Gallbladder Drainage (EUS-GBD)

Surgery / Invasive

EUS-guided Gallbladder Drainage (LAMS)

Surgery / Invasive

EUS-guided Rendezvous ERCP (Failed papilla cannulation)

Surgery / Invasive

EVAC - Esophageal perforation

Surgery / Invasive

EVAR (Endovascular AAA Repair)

Surgery / Invasive

Other Procedure

Eculizumab / Ravulizumab Infusion Protocol

Injection / Infusion

Elbow Arthroscopy (Diagnostic/Debridement)

Surgery / Invasive

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

Other Procedure

Electroencephalogram (EEG) - Routine

Diagnostic Intervention

Electrolyte Panel

Other Procedure

Electrolyte monitoring

Other Procedure

Electromyography (EMG)

Diagnostic Intervention

Electron Microscopy

Other Procedure

Electrophysiology Study (EPS)

Diagnostic Intervention

En Bloc Spondylectomy

Surgery / Invasive

En-Bloc Capsulectomy

Surgery / Invasive

Endobronchial Ultrasound (EBUS-TBNA)

Diagnostic Intervention

Endobronchial Valve Placement (Zephyr/Spiration)

Surgery / Invasive

Endometrial Ablation

Surgery / Invasive

Endomyocardial Biopsy

Diagnostic Intervention

Endoscopic Balloon Dilation (Through-the-scope)

Surgery / Invasive

Endoscopic Balloon Dilation (Wire-guided bougie)

Surgery / Invasive

Endoscopic Brow Lift

Surgery / Invasive

Endoscopic Deflux Injection for Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR)

Surgery / Invasive

Endoscopic Full-Thickness Resection (EFTR)

Surgery / Invasive

Endoscopic Fundoplication (GERD-X)

Surgery / Invasive

Endoscopic Hemostasis - APC (Argon Plasma)

Surgery / Invasive

Endoscopic Hemostasis - Band Ligation (Varices)

Surgery / Invasive

Endoscopic Hemostasis - Clipping (Through-scope)

Surgery / Invasive

Endoscopic Hemostasis - Combination therapy (Epinephrine + Clip)

Surgery / Invasive

Endoscopic Hemostasis - Epinephrine injection

Surgery / Invasive

Endoscopic Hemostasis - Hemospray (TC-325)

Surgery / Invasive

Endoscopic Hemostasis - Hemostatic Forceps (Coagrasper)

Surgery / Invasive

Endoscopic Hemostasis - Over-the-scope Clip (OTSC)

Surgery / Invasive

Endoscopic Hemostasis - Sclerotherapy (EVS)

Surgery / Invasive

Endoscopic Mucosal Resection (EMR) - Piecemeal

Surgery / Invasive

Endoscopic Mucosal Resection (EMR) - Standard snare

Surgery / Invasive

Endoscopic Pyloromyotomy (G-POEM) - Diabetic GP

Surgery / Invasive

Endoscopic Pyloromyotomy - Post-surgical GP

Surgery / Invasive

Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) - Diagnostic

Diagnostic Intervention

Endoscopic Revision - Gastric Band (Slippage)

Surgery / Invasive

Endoscopic Revision - Gastric Bypass (Pouch dilation)

Surgery / Invasive

Endoscopic Revision of Bariatric Surgery (Roux-en-Y)

Surgery / Invasive

Endoscopic Sleeve Gastroplasty (ESG)

Surgery / Invasive

Endoscopic Sleeve Gastroplasty with Pyloric sparing

Surgery / Invasive

Endoscopic Stent Placement (Colon - Through scope)

Surgery / Invasive

Endoscopic Stent Placement (Colon)

Surgery / Invasive

Endoscopic Stent Placement (Duodenum)

Surgery / Invasive

Endoscopic Stent Placement (Esophagus - Fully covered)

Surgery / Invasive

Endoscopic Stent Placement (Esophagus - Partially covered)

Surgery / Invasive

Endoscopic Stent Placement (Esophagus)

Surgery / Invasive

Endoscopic Stricturotomy (IT-knife)

Surgery / Invasive

Endoscopic Stricturotomy (Needle-knife)

Surgery / Invasive

Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection (ESD) - Esophagus

Surgery / Invasive

Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection (ESD) - Gastric

Surgery / Invasive

Endoscopic Vacuum Therapy (EVAC)

Surgery / Invasive

Endoscopic Vacuum Therapy (EVAC) - Anastomotic leak

Surgery / Invasive

Endotracheal Intubation

Surgery / Invasive

Endovascular Mechanical Thrombectomy

Surgery / Invasive

Endovascular Salvage of Thrombosed AVF/AVG (Declotting)

Surgery / Invasive

Enhanced External Counterpulsation (EECP)

Other Procedure

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for Donor-Specific Antibodies (DSAs)

Other Procedure

Epicardial VT Ablation

Surgery / Invasive

Epicondyle Injection (Elbow - Steroid)

Injection / Infusion

Surgery / Invasive

Epidural Steroid Injection (ESI - Cervical)

Injection / Infusion

Epidural Steroid Injection (ESI - Lumbar)

Injection / Infusion

Surgery / Invasive

Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) Calculation

Other Procedure

Event Monitor Placement

Other Procedure

Evoked Potentials (VEP, BAER, SSEP)

Diagnostic Intervention

Excision of Benign Oral Tumor/Cyst

Surgery / Invasive

Excision of Lipoma / Sebaceous Cyst

Surgery / Invasive

Excision of Lipoma/Small Soft Tissue Mass

Surgery / Invasive

Excision of Morton's Neuroma

Surgery / Invasive

Excision of Osteochondroma (Exostosectomy)

Surgery / Invasive

Excision of Osteoid Osteoma (Talus/Calcaneus)

Surgery / Invasive

Excision of Subungual Glomus Tumor

Surgery / Invasive

Exploratory Laparotomy (Damage Control)

Surgery / Invasive

Extensive Open Synovectomy (Knee/Hip)

Surgery / Invasive

Extensor Tendon Repair (Hand)

Surgery / Invasive

External Fixation Application (Lower Extremity)

Surgery / Invasive

External Fixation Application (Upper Extremity)

Surgery / Invasive

External Ventricular Drain (EVD) Insertion

Surgery / Invasive

Extracorporeal CPR (eCPR) Cannulation

Surgery / Invasive

Extracorporeal Cytokine Adsorption (CytoSorb)

Physical / Respiratory Therapy

Extracorporeal Irradiation and Reimplantation (ECI)

Surgery / Invasive

Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL)

Surgery / Invasive

Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) Medical Management

Physical / Respiratory Therapy

Extracranial-Intracranial (EC-IC) Bypass

Surgery / Invasive

FTM Top Surgery: Double Incision

Surgery / Invasive

FTM Top Surgery: Periareolar/Keyhole

Surgery / Invasive

Facet Joint Injection (Cervical/Lumbar - Diagnostic/Therapeutic)

Injection / Infusion

Facet Joint Injection (Cervical/Lumbar)

Injection / Infusion

Facial Feminization: Frontal Sinus Setback

Surgery / Invasive

Facial Feminization: Mandibular Angle Reduction

Surgery / Invasive

Fasciotomy (Hand/Forearm)

Surgery / Invasive

Fat Grafting (Autologous Fat Transfer)

Surgery / Invasive

Femoral Derotational Osteotomy

Surgery / Invasive

Femoral Osteotomy for DDH

Surgery / Invasive

Fibula Free Flap

Surgery / Invasive

Fibular Free Flap

Surgery / Invasive

Fibular Shaft Resection (En Bloc)

Surgery / Invasive

Finger Joint Arthroplasty (MCP/PIP)

Surgery / Invasive

Surgery / Invasive

Flatfoot Reconstruction (Adult Acquired)

Surgery / Invasive

Flexible Bronchoscopy (Diagnostic)

Diagnostic Intervention

Flexor Tendon Repair

Surgery / Invasive

Flexor Tendon Repair (Hand)

Surgery / Invasive

Other Procedure

Fluid balance monitoring

Other Procedure

Fluid management during hemodialysis

Other Procedure

Fluid resuscitation

Other Procedure

Foraminotomy (Cervical)

Surgery / Invasive

Foraminotomy (Lumbar)

Surgery / Invasive

Foreign Body Removal (Superficial)

Surgery / Invasive

Forequarter Amputation

Surgery / Invasive

Fractional Excretion Indices Calculation (FeNa, FeUrea)

Diagnostic Intervention

Fractional Flow Reserve (FFR)

Diagnostic Intervention

Frozen Elephant Trunk Procedure

Surgery / Invasive

Full-Thickness Skin Graft (FTSG)

Surgery / Invasive

Ganglion Cyst Aspiration

Injection / Infusion

Ganglion Cyst Excision

Surgery / Invasive

Ganglion Cyst Excision (Endoscopic)

Surgery / Invasive

Ganglion Cyst Excision (Open/Arthroscopic)

Surgery / Invasive

Gastric POEM (G-POEM) for Gastroparesis

Surgery / Invasive

Gastric Peroral Endoscopic Pyloromyotomy (G-POEM)

Surgery / Invasive

Gastrostomy Tube (G-Tube) Placement

Surgery / Invasive

Genetic Testing

Other Procedure

Genetic Testing (AGXT gene sequencing)

Other Procedure

Genioplasty (Chin Augmentation/Reduction)

Surgery / Invasive

Gingivectomy / Crown Lengthening

Surgery / Invasive

Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) Estimation

Other Procedure

Gluteal Augmentation (BBL)

Surgery / Invasive

Gluteus Medius Repair

Surgery / Invasive

Gracilis Muscle Free Flap

Surgery / Invasive

Gynecomastia Excision

Surgery / Invasive

Hair Transplantation (FUE/FUT)

Surgery / Invasive

Hammertoe/Clawtoe Correction

Surgery / Invasive

Hartmann's Procedure

Surgery / Invasive

Heart Rate Variability (HRV) Analysis

Diagnostic Intervention

Heart Transplant

Surgery / Invasive

Heart Transplant - Heterotopic (Piggyback)

Surgery / Invasive

Heart Transplant - Orthotopic

Surgery / Invasive

Heart Valve Replacement - Bioprosthetic Aortic

Surgery / Invasive

Heart Valve Replacement - Bioprosthetic Mitral

Surgery / Invasive

Heart Valve Replacement - Mechanical Aortic

Surgery / Invasive

Heart Valve Replacement - Mechanical Mitral

Surgery / Invasive

Heart-Lung Transplant

Surgery / Invasive

Hemiarthroplasty (Hip)

Surgery / Invasive

Hemiarthroplasty (Shoulder)

Surgery / Invasive

Hemicortical Resection (Surface Osteosarcoma)

Surgery / Invasive

Hemiepiphysiodesis (Guided Growth)

Surgery / Invasive

Other Procedure

Hemodialysis Catheter (Permcath) Insertion

Surgery / Invasive

Hemodialysis catheter insertion (if new catheter needed)

Other Procedure

Hemoperfusion (Charcoal/Resin Cartridge)

Physical / Respiratory Therapy

Hemorrhoidectomy (Excisional)

Surgery / Invasive

Hepatic Wedge Resection

Surgery / Invasive

High Tibial Osteotomy (HTO)

Surgery / Invasive

High-Risk PCI (Impella Support)

Surgery / Invasive

Hip Arthroscopy (Diagnostic/Debridement)

Surgery / Invasive

Hip Disarticulation

Surgery / Invasive

Hip Resurfacing Arthroplasty

Surgery / Invasive

Holmium Laser Enucleation of Prostate (HoLEP)

Surgery / Invasive

Holter Monitor Placement

Other Procedure

Hybrid AF Ablation

Surgery / Invasive

Surgery / Invasive

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy

Other Procedure

Diagnostic Intervention

Surgery / Invasive

ICD - Dual Chamber

Surgery / Invasive

ICD - Single Chamber

Surgery / Invasive

IUD (Intrauterine Device) Insertion/Removal

Surgery / Invasive

Ileal Conduit Urinary Diversion

Surgery / Invasive

Iliopsoas Release

Surgery / Invasive

Immunofixation electrophoresis

Other Procedure

Immunofluorescence Microscopy

Other Procedure

Immunosuppressive Drug Level Monitoring

Other Procedure

Immunosuppressive therapy

Other Procedure

Impella (LV Support Device) Insertion

Other Procedure

Impella 5.5 Surgical Insertion

Surgery / Invasive

Impella Insertion

Surgery / Invasive

Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD) - Single Chamber

Surgery / Invasive

In Situ Pinning for Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis (SCFE)

Surgery / Invasive

Incision and Drainage (Abscess)

Surgery / Invasive

Incision and Drainage (I&D) of Perianal Abscess

Surgery / Invasive

Incision and Drainage of Fascial Space Infection

Surgery / Invasive

Incisional Biopsy of Oral Mucosa

Surgery / Invasive

Instantaneous Wave-Free Ratio (iFR)

Diagnostic Intervention

Intercalary Allograft/Prosthesis Reconstruction

Surgery / Invasive

Intermittent Hemodialysis

Other Procedure

Intermittent Hemodialysis Prescription & Initiation

Physical / Respiratory Therapy

Internal Hemipelvectomy

Surgery / Invasive

Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump (IABP) Insertion

Other Procedure

Intra-articular Corticosteroid Injection

Injection / Infusion

Intra-articular Hip Injection (Corticosteroid - often US/Fluoro guided)

Injection / Infusion

Intra-articular Hip Injection (Steroid)

Injection / Infusion

Intra-articular Knee Injection (Corticosteroid)

Injection / Infusion

Intra-articular Knee Injection (Hyaluronic Acid/Viscosupplementation)

Injection / Infusion

Intra-articular Knee Injection (PRP - Platelet-Rich Plasma)

Injection / Infusion

Intra-articular Knee Injection (Steroid)

Injection / Infusion

Intra-articular Shoulder Injection (Corticosteroid)

Injection / Infusion

Intra-articular Shoulder Injection (Steroid)

Injection / Infusion

Intracardiac Echocardiography (ICE)

Diagnostic Intervention

Intracavernosal Injection Therapy (ICI)

Injection / Infusion

Intragastric Balloon (Obalon - Gas-filled)

Surgery / Invasive

Intragastric Balloon (Orbera 6 months)

Surgery / Invasive

Intragastric Balloon (Spatz - Adjustable)

Surgery / Invasive

Intragastric Balloon Placement

Surgery / Invasive

Intralesional Collagenase Injection (Xiaflex)

Injection / Infusion

Intralesional Curettage and Bone Grafting

Surgery / Invasive

Intramedullary Nailing (Femoral Shaft Fracture)

Surgery / Invasive

Intramedullary Nailing (Femoral Shaft)

Surgery / Invasive

Intramedullary Nailing (Fibular Shaft)

Surgery / Invasive

Intramedullary Nailing (Humeral Shaft Fracture)

Surgery / Invasive

Intramedullary Nailing (Humeral Shaft)

Surgery / Invasive

Intramedullary Nailing (Tibial Shaft Fracture)

Surgery / Invasive

Intramedullary Nailing - Tibial Shaft Fracture

Surgery / Invasive

Intraoperative Neuromonitoring (IONM)

Other Procedure

Intraperitoneal Antibiotic Administration

Other Procedure

Intrathecal Baclofen Pump Implantation

Surgery / Invasive

Intravascular Lithotripsy

Surgery / Invasive

Intravascular Lithotripsy (IVL)

Surgery / Invasive

Intravascular Lithotripsy (IVL) of Coronary Artery

Surgery / Invasive

Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS)

Diagnostic Intervention

Intravenous Cyclophosphamide Pulse Therapy (NIH Protocol)

Injection / Infusion

Intravenous Etelcalcetide (Parsabiv) Administration

Injection / Infusion

Intravenous Iron Replacement Protocol (Ferric Carboxymaltose)

Injection / Infusion

Intravenous Rituximab Infusion Protocol for Glomerular Disease

Injection / Infusion

Intravenous antibiotic administration

Other Procedure

Intravenous fluid resuscitation

Other Procedure

Intravesical BCG Instillation

Physical / Respiratory Therapy

Intravesical Botox Injection

Surgery / Invasive

Intravitreal Anti-VEGF Injection (Lucentis/Eylea/Avastin)

Surgery / Invasive

Intussusception Reduction (Air Enema)

Surgery / Invasive

Isolated Limb Perfusion (ILP)

Surgery / Invasive

Joint Aspiration

Other Procedure

K-wire Removal (Superficial)

Surgery / Invasive

Kasai Procedure (Hepatoportoenterostomy)

Surgery / Invasive

Other Procedure

Kidney Function Tests

Other Procedure

Kidney Function Tests (e.g., GFR, Creatinine)

Other Procedure

Kidney Function Tests (e.g., Serum Creatinine, eGFR)

Other Procedure

Kidney function tests (e.g., serum creatinine, BUN, urinalysis)

Other Procedure

Kidney transplantation

Other Procedure

Kienbock's Disease Treatment (e.g., Radial Shortening Osteotomy)

Surgery / Invasive

Kienbock's Disease Treatment (e.g., Radial Shortening)

Surgery / Invasive

Knee Arthroscopy & Partial Meniscectomy

Surgery / Invasive

Knee Arthroscopy (Diagnostic)

Surgery / Invasive

Knee Arthroscopy (Diagnostic/Debridement)

Surgery / Invasive

Knee Osteoarthritis Exercise Program

Physical / Respiratory Therapy

Surgery / Invasive

Kyphoplasty/Vertebroplasty for Pathologic Oncologic Fracture

Surgery / Invasive

LASIK (Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis)

Surgery / Invasive

LEEP (Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure)

Surgery / Invasive

LVAD Implantation (HeartMate 3)

Surgery / Invasive

LVAD Implantation - Bridge to Transplant

Surgery / Invasive

LVAD Implantation - Destination Therapy

Surgery / Invasive

Labiaplasty (Wedge Resection)

Surgery / Invasive

Laminectomy (Decompression)

Surgery / Invasive

Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Band (LAGB)

Surgery / Invasive

Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy

Surgery / Invasive

Laparoscopic Appendectomy

Surgery / Invasive

Laparoscopic Bilateral Salpingo-Oophorectomy (BSO)

Surgery / Invasive

Laparoscopic Central Pancreatectomy

Surgery / Invasive

Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

Surgery / Invasive

Laparoscopic Distal Pancreatectomy with Splenectomy

Surgery / Invasive

Laparoscopic Dor Fundoplication (Anterior 180)

Surgery / Invasive

Laparoscopic Heller Myotomy

Surgery / Invasive

Laparoscopic Hiatal Hernia Repair (Cruroplasty)

Surgery / Invasive

Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repair (TAPP)

Surgery / Invasive

Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repair (TEP)

Surgery / Invasive

Laparoscopic Left Lateral Sectionectomy (LLS)

Surgery / Invasive

Laparoscopic Liver Resection (Segmentectomy)

Surgery / Invasive

Laparoscopic Myomectomy

Surgery / Invasive

Laparoscopic Nissen Fundoplication

Surgery / Invasive

Laparoscopic Nissen Fundoplication (360 degree)

Surgery / Invasive

Laparoscopic Pyeloplasty

Surgery / Invasive

Laparoscopic Repair of Paraesophageal Hernia (Type IV)

Surgery / Invasive

Laparoscopic Right Hepatectomy

Surgery / Invasive

Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass

Surgery / Invasive

Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB)

Surgery / Invasive

Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy

Surgery / Invasive

Laparoscopic Toupet Fundoplication (270 degree)

Surgery / Invasive

Laparoscopic Varicocelectomy

Surgery / Invasive

Laparoscopic Ventral Hernia Repair (IPOM)

Surgery / Invasive

Laparoscopic Whipple (Pancreaticoduodenectomy)

Surgery / Invasive

Lariat Procedure

Surgery / Invasive

Laser Atherectomy

Surgery / Invasive

Laser Lead Extraction

Surgery / Invasive

Laser Skin Resurfacing (Ablative)

Surgery / Invasive

Latarjet Procedure (Shoulder Stabilization)

Surgery / Invasive

Lateral Ankle Ligament Reconstruction (Brostrom/Modified Brostrom)

Surgery / Invasive

Lateral Epicondyle Release (Tennis Elbow Surgery)

Surgery / Invasive

Lateral Internal Sphincterotomy (LIS)

Surgery / Invasive

Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion (LLIF/XLIF/DLIF)

Surgery / Invasive

Latissimus Dorsi Flap (Pedicled)

Surgery / Invasive

Latissimus Dorsi Myocutaneous Flap

Surgery / Invasive

Le Fort I Osteotomy

Surgery / Invasive

Le Fort II Osteotomy

Surgery / Invasive

Le Fort III Osteotomy

Surgery / Invasive

Leadless Pacemaker (Micra)

Surgery / Invasive

Left Atrial Appendage Closure (Amplatzer Amulet/Watchman FLX)

Surgery / Invasive

Left Atrial Appendage Closure (Watchman)

Surgery / Invasive

Left Heart Catheterization

Diagnostic Intervention

Left Hemicolectomy

Surgery / Invasive

Left Ventriculography

Diagnostic Intervention

Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease (Osteotomy)

Surgery / Invasive

Levator Advancement

Surgery / Invasive

Limberg (Rhomboid) Flap

Surgery / Invasive

Other Procedure

Liver Transplantation

Other Procedure

Other Procedure

Lobectomy (VATS or Open)

Surgery / Invasive

Long Arm Cast Application

Other Procedure

Long Arm Cast Application (Fiberglass/Plaster)

Other Procedure

Long Leg Cast Application

Other Procedure

Long Leg Cast Application (Fiberglass/Plaster)

Other Procedure

Loop Recorder Implantation

Surgery / Invasive

Loop Recorder Removal

Surgery / Invasive

Low Anterior Resection (LAR)

Surgery / Invasive

Lumbar Laminectomy

Surgery / Invasive

Lumbar Laminectomy & Discectomy

Surgery / Invasive

Lumbar Microdiscectomy

Surgery / Invasive

Lumbar Puncture (Spinal Tap)

Diagnostic Intervention

Lumbar Spinal Fusion (TLIF)

Surgery / Invasive

Lumbar Spinal Stenosis/Disc Herniation Rehabilitation

Physical / Respiratory Therapy

Lumbar Spine Stabilization Program

Physical / Respiratory Therapy

Luminex Single Antigen Bead (SAB) Assay

Diagnostic Intervention

Lung Transplantation (Single/Bilateral)

Surgery / Invasive

Lymphovenous Bypass (LVB)

Surgery / Invasive

MAZE Procedure (AF)

Surgery / Invasive

MPFL Reconstruction (Patellar Stabilization)

Surgery / Invasive

MRI-Fusion Targeted Prostate Biopsy

Diagnostic Intervention

Male Sling Procedure

Surgery / Invasive

Manual Therapy (Mobilization/Manipulation)

Physical / Respiratory Therapy

Marginal Excision of Soft Tissue Mass (Lipoma/Fibroma)

Surgery / Invasive

Masseteric Nerve Transfer

Surgery / Invasive

Mastopexy (Auto-augmentation)

Surgery / Invasive

Mastopexy (Breast Lift)

Surgery / Invasive

Maxillofacial ORIF

Surgery / Invasive

Maxillofacial ORIF (Open Reduction Internal Fixation)

Surgery / Invasive

Surgery / Invasive

Mechanical Lead Extraction

Surgery / Invasive

Medial Epicondyle Release (Golfer's Elbow Surgery)

Surgery / Invasive

Mediastinoscopy

Surgery / Invasive

Medical Expulsive Therapy (MET) Protocol

Physical / Respiratory Therapy

Medical Thoracoscopy (Pleuroscopy)

Surgery / Invasive

Meniscectomy (Arthroscopic)

Surgery / Invasive

Meniscus Repair (Arthroscopic)

Surgery / Invasive

Methacholine Challenge Test

Diagnostic Intervention

Microdiscectomy (Lumbar)

Surgery / Invasive

Microdochectomy

Surgery / Invasive

Microscopic Vasovasostomy (Vasectomy Reversal)

Surgery / Invasive

Microsurgical Nerve Repair / Graft

Surgery / Invasive

Microsurgical Varicocelectomy

Surgery / Invasive

Microvolt T-Wave Alternans

Diagnostic Intervention

Mid-Urethral Sling (TVT/TOT)

Surgery / Invasive

Midface Lift (SOOF suspension)

Surgery / Invasive

Mini-Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (Mini-PCNL)

Surgery / Invasive

Minimally Invasive CABG (MIDCAB)

Surgery / Invasive

Minimally Invasive Direct CABG (MIDCAB)

Surgery / Invasive

Minimally Invasive Parathyroidectomy

Surgery / Invasive

MitraClip Procedure

Surgery / Invasive

Mitral Valve Repair (Annuloplasty)

Surgery / Invasive

Mitral Valve Repair - Complex

Surgery / Invasive

Mitral Valve Repair - Minimally Invasive

Surgery / Invasive

Mitral Valve Replacement - Bioprosthetic

Surgery / Invasive

Mitral Valve Replacement - Mechanical

Surgery / Invasive

Mitrofanoff Appendicovesicostomy

Surgery / Invasive

Modified Radical Mastectomy

Surgery / Invasive

Mohs Defect Reconstruction (Local Flap)

Surgery / Invasive

Motorized Spiral Enteroscopy (PowerSpiral)

Diagnostic Intervention

Mucosal Ablation (ARMA - Stretta)

Surgery / Invasive

Multiligament Knee Reconstruction

Surgery / Invasive

Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT)

Diagnostic Intervention

Surgery / Invasive

Myringotomy with Tympanostomy Tube Insertion

Surgery / Invasive

NOTES - Cholecystectomy (Hybrid)

Surgery / Invasive

NOTES - Transgastric Appendectomy (Animal study)

Surgery / Invasive

NOTES - Transgastric Peritoneoscopy

Surgery / Invasive

Nail Avulsion/Excision

Surgery / Invasive

Nail Avulsion/Excision (Ingrown Toenail)

Surgery / Invasive

Navigational Bronchoscopy (Electromagnetic)

Diagnostic Intervention

Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS)

Diagnostic Intervention

Surgery / Invasive

Nerve Block (Suprascapular Nerve Block)

Injection / Infusion

Nerve Block (Suprascapular)

Injection / Infusion

Nerve Conduction Studies

Other Procedure

Nerve Conduction Studies (NCS)

Diagnostic Intervention

Nerve Conduction Study (NCS) / EMG

Other Procedure

Nerve Decompression

Surgery / Invasive

Nerve Decompression/Repair (Major Peripheral Nerve)

Surgery / Invasive

Nerve Repair/Graft (Hand/Wrist)

Surgery / Invasive

Surgery / Invasive

Newborn Circumcision

Surgery / Invasive

Nipple-Areola Complex Reconstruction

Surgery / Invasive

Non-Calcium Based Phosphate Binder Titration

Physical / Respiratory Therapy

Non-Tunneled Dialysis Catheter Placement (Quinton)

Surgery / Invasive

Nonunion/Malunion Correction

Surgery / Invasive

Nuclear Stress Test (SPECT)

Diagnostic Intervention

Nutritional Counseling (Bone Health)

Other Procedure

Nutritional Support (TPN/Enteral)

Other Procedure

ORIF - Acetabular Fracture

Surgery / Invasive

ORIF - Ankle Fracture (Unimalleolar/Bimalleolar/Trimalleolar)

Surgery / Invasive

ORIF - Calcaneus Fracture

Surgery / Invasive

ORIF - Clavicle Fracture

Surgery / Invasive

ORIF - Distal Humerus Fracture

Surgery / Invasive

ORIF - Distal Radius Fracture

Surgery / Invasive

ORIF - Femoral Condyle Fracture

Surgery / Invasive

ORIF - Femoral Neck Fracture

Surgery / Invasive

ORIF - Femur Fracture

Surgery / Invasive

ORIF - Intertrochanteric Femur Fracture

Surgery / Invasive

ORIF - Lisfranc Injury

Surgery / Invasive

ORIF - Lisfranc Injury (Midfoot)

Surgery / Invasive

ORIF - Metacarpal Fracture

Surgery / Invasive

ORIF - Metatarsal Fracture

Surgery / Invasive

ORIF - Olecranon Fracture

Surgery / Invasive

ORIF - Patella Fracture

Surgery / Invasive

ORIF - Pelvic Ring Fracture

Surgery / Invasive

ORIF - Phalangeal Fracture (Finger/Thumb)

Surgery / Invasive

ORIF - Phalangeal Fracture (Foot)

Surgery / Invasive

ORIF - Pilon Fracture (Distal Tibia)

Surgery / Invasive

ORIF - Proximal Humerus Fracture

Surgery / Invasive

ORIF - Radial Head Fracture

Surgery / Invasive

ORIF - Scaphoid Fracture

Surgery / Invasive

ORIF - Scapula Fracture

Surgery / Invasive

ORIF - Subtrochanteric Femur Fracture

Surgery / Invasive

ORIF - Talus Fracture

Surgery / Invasive

ORIF - Tibia Plateau Fracture

Surgery / Invasive

ORIF - Tibial Plateau Fracture

Surgery / Invasive

Omental Free Flap

Surgery / Invasive

Open Appendectomy

Surgery / Invasive

Open Cholecystectomy

Surgery / Invasive

Open Incisional Biopsy of Bone/Soft Tissue Tumor

Surgery / Invasive

Open Inguinal Hernia Repair (Lichtenstein)

Surgery / Invasive

Open Reduction Internal Fixation (ORIF) - Ankle

Surgery / Invasive

Open Reduction Internal Fixation (ORIF) - Ankle Fracture

Surgery / Invasive

Open Reduction for Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH)

Surgery / Invasive

Open Rotator Cuff Repair

Surgery / Invasive

Open Simple Prostatectomy

Surgery / Invasive

Ophthalmologic examination

Other Procedure

Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)

Diagnostic Intervention

Optical Internal Urethrotomy (DVIU)

Surgery / Invasive

Orbital Atherectomy

Surgery / Invasive

Surgery / Invasive

Orthognathic Surgery (BSSO / Le Fort I)

Surgery / Invasive

Orthotopic Neobladder Reconstruction

Surgery / Invasive

Osteoarthritis Management Exercise Program (Knee/Hip)

Physical / Respiratory Therapy

Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation (OCA) (Knee)

Surgery / Invasive

Surgery / Invasive

Oxygen Administration

Other Procedure

PASCAL Mitral Repair System

Surgery / Invasive

PCI - Bare Metal Stent

Surgery / Invasive

PCI - Bare Metal Stent (BMS)

Surgery / Invasive

PCI - Bioresorbable Scaffold

Surgery / Invasive

PCI - Bioresorbable Vascular Scaffold

Surgery / Invasive

PCI - Drug Eluting Stent

Surgery / Invasive

PCL Reconstruction

Surgery / Invasive

PET Stress Test

Diagnostic Intervention

Surgery / Invasive

POEM - Failed Heller myotomy

Surgery / Invasive

POEM - Sigmoid esophagus

Surgery / Invasive

PRK (Photorefractive Keratectomy)

Surgery / Invasive

PRP (Platelet-Rich Plasma) Injection - Knee

Injection / Infusion

Surgery / Invasive

Pacemaker - Dual Chamber

Surgery / Invasive

Pacemaker - Dual Chamber (DDD)

Surgery / Invasive

Pacemaker - Leadless (Micra)

Surgery / Invasive

Pacemaker - Single Chamber

Surgery / Invasive

Pacemaker - Single Chamber (VVI)

Surgery / Invasive

Surgery / Invasive

Panretinal Photocoagulation (PRP) Laser

Surgery / Invasive

Surgery / Invasive

Paracentesis (HF)

Other Procedure

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) level measurement

Other Procedure

Parathyroidectomy

Other Procedure

Pars Plana Vitrectomy (PPV)

Surgery / Invasive

Partial Calcanectomy

Surgery / Invasive

Partial or Total Sacrectomy

Surgery / Invasive

Pasteurized Autograft Reimplantation

Surgery / Invasive

Patellofemoral Arthroplasty

Surgery / Invasive

Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome Rehabilitation

Physical / Respiratory Therapy

Patent Ductus Arteriosus Closure

Surgery / Invasive

Patient Education (Condition Specific)

Other Procedure

Pediatric Peritoneal Dialysis Prescription

Physical / Respiratory Therapy

Pediatric Spica Cast Application

Surgery / Invasive

Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection (PLND)

Surgery / Invasive

Penile Fracture Repair

Surgery / Invasive

Penile Prosthesis Implantation (Inflatable 3-Piece)

Surgery / Invasive

Penile Prosthesis Implantation (Malleable)

Surgery / Invasive

Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) - Drug-Eluting Stent

Surgery / Invasive

Percutaneous Dilatational Tracheostomy

Surgery / Invasive

Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy (PEG)

Surgery / Invasive

Percutaneous Epididymal Sperm Aspiration (PESA)

Surgery / Invasive

Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) - Nephrology Peri-Op Management

Surgery / Invasive

Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) - Standard

Surgery / Invasive

Percutaneous Nephrostomy Tube Placement

Surgery / Invasive

Percutaneous Nephrostomy Tube Placement (Allograft)

Surgery / Invasive

Percutaneous Parathyroid Ethanol Injection (PEIT)

Surgery / Invasive

Percutaneous Transluminal Septal Myocardial Ablation (PTSMA)

Surgery / Invasive

Percutaneous Ultrasound-Guided Native Kidney Biopsy

Diagnostic Intervention

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL)

Other Procedure

Peri-acetabular Osteotomy (PAO) (Ganz Osteotomy)

Surgery / Invasive

Periacetabular Tumor Reconstruction (Harrington Procedure)

Surgery / Invasive

Pericardial Window

Other Procedure

Pericardiectomy

Surgery / Invasive

Pericardiocentesis

Other Procedure

Pericardiocentesis - Ultrasound Guided

Other Procedure

Peripheral Nerve Repair

Surgery / Invasive

Peritoneal Dialysis

Other Procedure

Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Exit Site Care

Other Procedure

Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Placement

Other Procedure

Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Placement (Tenckhoff Catheter)

Surgery / Invasive

Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Removal

Other Procedure

Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Revision

Other Procedure

Peritoneal Equilibration Test (PET)

Diagnostic Intervention

Peritoneal Fluid Analysis

Other Procedure

Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy (POEM)

Surgery / Invasive

Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy (POEM) - Classic

Surgery / Invasive

Peyronie's Plaque Incision and Grafting

Surgery / Invasive

Peyronie's Plication (Nesbit Procedure)

Surgery / Invasive

Phacoemulsification with IOL Implantation

Surgery / Invasive

Phalloplasty: Anterolateral Thigh (ALT)

Surgery / Invasive

Phalloplasty: Radial Forearm Free Flap

Surgery / Invasive

Pharyngeal Flap

Surgery / Invasive

Phase Contrast Microscopy of Urine Sediment

Diagnostic Intervention

Photoselective Vaporization of Prostate (GreenLight PVP)

Surgery / Invasive

Phototherapy (Bili Lights)

Physical / Respiratory Therapy

Pigtail Catheter Insertion

Surgery / Invasive

Pilonidal Cystectomy (Excision and Primary Closure)

Surgery / Invasive

Pilonidal Cystectomy (Rhomboid / Limberg Flap)

Surgery / Invasive

Plantar Fascia Injection (Corticosteroid)

Injection / Infusion

Plantar Fascia Injection (Steroid)

Injection / Infusion

Plantar Fascia Release (Open/Endoscopic)

Surgery / Invasive

Plaque Excision (Directional Atherectomy)

Other Procedure

Plasma exchange

Other Procedure

Other Procedure

Platelet count monitoring

Other Procedure

Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) Injection

Injection / Infusion

Platysmaplasty (Corset)

Surgery / Invasive

Pleurectomy / Decortication

Surgery / Invasive

Other Procedure

Surgery / Invasive

Point-of-Care Ultrasound (POCUS)

Diagnostic Intervention

Polydactyly Excision

Surgery / Invasive

Polysomnography (Diagnostic Sleep Study)

Diagnostic Intervention

Polysomnography (Sleep Study)

Diagnostic Intervention

Port-A-Cath Insertion

Surgery / Invasive

Post-Fracture Rehabilitation (Upper/Lower Limb)

Physical / Respiratory Therapy

Post-Op ACL Reconstruction Rehabilitation Protocol

Physical / Respiratory Therapy

Post-Op ACL Rehab Protocol

Physical / Respiratory Therapy

Posterior Cervical Fusion (PCF)

Surgery / Invasive

Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion (PLIF)

Surgery / Invasive

Posterior Spinal Fusion (Thoracic/Lumbar - multi-level)

Surgery / Invasive

Posterior Tibial Tendon Reconstruction (Flatfoot)

Surgery / Invasive

Pre-emptive Kidney Transplantation

Surgery / Invasive

Pre-operative Embolization of Bone Tumor

Surgery / Invasive

Primary Obesity Surgery Endoluminal (POSE 2.0)

Surgery / Invasive

Surgery / Invasive

Prophylactic Intramedullary Nailing (Femur)

Surgery / Invasive

Prophylactic Intramedullary Nailing (Humerus)

Surgery / Invasive

Proximal Fibulectomy (Tumor Resection)

Surgery / Invasive

Proximal Tibial Osteotomy for Genu Varum (Bow-Leg)

Surgery / Invasive

Pterygium Excision with Conjunctival Autograft

Surgery / Invasive

Pulmonary Function Tests

Other Procedure

Pulmonary Thromboendarterectomy

Surgery / Invasive

Pulmonary Valve Replacement

Surgery / Invasive

Punctal Plug Insertion

Surgery / Invasive

Surgery / Invasive

Quantitative CMV/EBV Viral Load Monitoring Protocol

Diagnostic Intervention

Quantitative Sensory Testing (QST)

Diagnostic Intervention

RVAD Implantation

Surgery / Invasive

Radical Cystectomy

Surgery / Invasive

Radical Inguinal Orchiectomy

Surgery / Invasive

Radical Nephrectomy (Laparoscopic/Open)

Surgery / Invasive

Radical Nephroureterectomy

Surgery / Invasive

Radical Prostatectomy (Robot-Assisted/Laparoscopic)

Surgery / Invasive

Radical Resection of Bone Tumor (Limb Salvage)

Surgery / Invasive

Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA) of Osteoid Osteoma

Surgery / Invasive

Ray Amputation (Hand)

Surgery / Invasive

Reduction Mammaplasty

Surgery / Invasive

Reduction of Radial Head Subluxation (Nursemaid's Elbow)

Other Procedure

Referral for Prosthetics/Orthotics

Other Procedure

Referral to Neurology

Other Procedure

Referral to Pain Management

Other Procedure

Referral to Podiatry

Other Procedure

Referral to Rheumatology

Other Procedure

Regional Citrate Anticoagulation (RCA) Protocol Management

Physical / Respiratory Therapy

Removable Walking Boot (CAM Walker) Fitting

Other Procedure

Removal of Superficial Hardware

Surgery / Invasive

Renal Angiography with Transluminal Stenting

Surgery / Invasive

Renal Artery Angiography

Other Procedure

Renal Artery Angioplasty

Other Procedure

Renal Artery Stenting

Other Procedure

Renal Denervation

Other Procedure

Renal Function Tests

Other Procedure

Renal Replacement Therapy (e.g., Hemodialysis, CRRT)

Other Procedure

Renal Sympathetic Denervation

Surgery / Invasive

Renal Ultrasound

Other Procedure

Other Procedure

Renal biopsy (if etiology is unclear or to assess severity)

Other Procedure

Renal function testing

Other Procedure

Renal function tests (e.g., serum creatinine, eGFR)

Other Procedure

Renal replacement therapy (e.g., Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy - CRRT)

Other Procedure

Renal replacement therapy (e.g., hemodialysis, continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration)

Other Procedure

Replantation of Digit

Surgery / Invasive

Responsive Neurostimulation (RNS)

Surgery / Invasive

Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery (RIRS)

Surgery / Invasive

Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection (RPLND)

Surgery / Invasive

Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty

Surgery / Invasive

Reverse Sural Artery Flap

Surgery / Invasive

Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty (rTSA)

Surgery / Invasive

Rezum Water Vapor Therapy

Surgery / Invasive

Rhinoplasty (Open/Closed)

Surgery / Invasive

Rhytidectomy (Facelift)

Surgery / Invasive

Right Heart Catheterization

Diagnostic Intervention

Right Hemicolectomy

Surgery / Invasive

Right Hepatectomy

Surgery / Invasive

Rigid Bronchoscopy

Surgery / Invasive

Robotic CABG (TECAB)

Surgery / Invasive

Robotic Partial Nephrectomy

Surgery / Invasive

Root Canal Therapy (Endodontic Treatment)

Surgery / Invasive

Rotational Atherectomy

Surgery / Invasive

Rotationplasty (Van Nes Procedure)

Surgery / Invasive

Rotator Cuff Repair (Arthroscopic)

Surgery / Invasive

Rotator Cuff Repair Rehabilitation Protocol

Physical / Respiratory Therapy

Surgery / Invasive

Sacral Neuromodulation (InterStim) Implant

Surgery / Invasive

Sacroiliac (SI) Joint Fusion

Surgery / Invasive

Sacroiliac (SI) Joint Injection (Corticosteroid)

Injection / Infusion

Salter Innominate Osteotomy (DDH)

Surgery / Invasive

Scaling and Root Planing (SRP)

Surgery / Invasive

Scapholunate Ligament Reconstruction

Surgery / Invasive

Scapular Tip Free Flap

Surgery / Invasive

Scar Revision (Dermabrasion)

Surgery / Invasive

Scoliosis Correction (Posterior Spinal Fusion)

Surgery / Invasive

Scoliosis Spinal Fusion

Surgery / Invasive

Selective Dorsal Rhizotomy (SDR)

Surgery / Invasive

Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty (SLT)

Surgery / Invasive

Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy (SLNB)

Surgery / Invasive

Septal Myectomy (HOCM)

Surgery / Invasive

Serum Albumin Measurement

Other Procedure

Serum Complement Levels (C3, C4)

Other Procedure

Serum Complement Levels (C3, C4, CH50)

Other Procedure

Serum Creatinine Measurement

Other Procedure

Serum Creatinine Monitoring

Other Procedure

Serum Creatinine and BUN Measurement

Other Procedure

Serum Protein Electrophoresis with Immunofixation

Other Procedure

Serum electrolyte measurement

Other Procedure

Serum protein electrophoresis

Other Procedure

Seton Placement

Surgery / Invasive

Short Arm Cast Application

Other Procedure

Short Arm Cast Application (Fiberglass/Plaster)

Other Procedure

Short Leg Cast Application

Other Procedure

Short Leg Cast Application (Fiberglass/Plaster)

Other Procedure

Shoulder Arthroplasty (Total)

Surgery / Invasive

Shoulder Arthroscopy & Rotator Cuff Repair

Surgery / Invasive

Shoulder Arthroscopy (Diagnostic)

Surgery / Invasive

Shoulder Arthroscopy (Diagnostic/Debridement)

Surgery / Invasive

Shoulder Impingement Rehab Protocol

Physical / Respiratory Therapy

Shoulder Impingement Syndrome Rehabilitation

Physical / Respiratory Therapy

Signal-Averaged ECG

Diagnostic Intervention

Signal-Averaged ECG (SAECG)

Diagnostic Intervention

Simple Mastectomy

Surgery / Invasive

Single-Balloon Enteroscopy (SBE)

Diagnostic Intervention

Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT)

Diagnostic Intervention

Skin Biopsy for Nerve Fiber Density

Surgery / Invasive

Skin Expander Placement (Craniofacial)

Surgery / Invasive

Other Procedure

Slow Continuous Ultrafiltration (SCUF)

Physical / Respiratory Therapy

Slowed Dialysis Rate

Other Procedure

Smoking Cessation Counseling

Other Procedure

Soft Tissue Mass Biopsy

Other Procedure

Soft Tissue Mass Biopsy (Core Needle, US-Guided)

Diagnostic Intervention

Soft Tissue Sarcoma Excision

Surgery / Invasive

Spacer Placement (Infected Arthroplasty)

Surgery / Invasive

Spermatocelectomy

Surgery / Invasive

Sphincter Pharyngoplasty

Surgery / Invasive

Spica Cast Application (Hip/Thumb)

Other Procedure

Spinal Cord Stimulator (SCS) Trial

Surgery / Invasive

Spinal Cord Stimulator Implantation

Surgery / Invasive

Spinal Decompression and Stabilization (Posterior)

Surgery / Invasive

Spinal Deformity Correction (Adult)

Surgery / Invasive

Spinal Fusion for Scoliosis (Pediatric)

Surgery / Invasive

Spinal Tumor Excision

Surgery / Invasive

Spinal Tumor Excision (Laminectomy/Corpectomy)

Surgery / Invasive

Spiral Enteroscopy (SE)

Diagnostic Intervention

Spirometry (Pre and Post Bronchodilator)

Diagnostic Intervention

Splenectomy (Open / Laparoscopic)

Surgery / Invasive

Splint Application (Sugar Tong/Coaptation/Back Slab)

Other Procedure

Split Thickness Skin Graft (STSG)

Surgery / Invasive

Split-Thickness Skin Graft (STSG)

Surgery / Invasive

Other Procedure

Stent placement

Other Procedure

Stereotactic Radiosurgery (Gamma Knife)

Surgery / Invasive

Sternal Wound Reconstruction

Surgery / Invasive

Strabismus Surgery (Recession/Resection)

Surgery / Invasive

Stress ECG (Treadmill)

Diagnostic Intervention

Stress Echo (Dobutamine)

Diagnostic Intervention

Stress Echo (Exercise)

Diagnostic Intervention

Subacromial Bursa Injection (Corticosteroid)

Injection / Infusion

Subcutaneous ICD (S-ICD)

Surgery / Invasive

Subcutaneous ICD (S-ICD) Implantation

Surgery / Invasive

Subtalar Arthrodesis (Fusion)

Surgery / Invasive

Suction-Assisted Lipectomy (Liposuction)

Surgery / Invasive

Sugar Tong Splint Application

Other Procedure

Superior Gluteal Artery Perforator (SGAP) Flap

Surgery / Invasive

Supramicrosurgical Anastomosis

Surgery / Invasive

Suprapubic Catheter Insertion

Surgery / Invasive

Sural Nerve Graft

Surgery / Invasive

Sural Nerve Graft Harvest

Surgery / Invasive

Surgical Correction of Mallet Finger

Surgery / Invasive

Surgical Extraction of Impacted Wisdom Tooth

Surgery / Invasive

Surgical Tracheostomy

Surgery / Invasive

Sustained Low-Efficiency Dialysis (SLED / PIRRT)

Physical / Respiratory Therapy

Other Procedure

Suture-Mediated Vascular Closure

Other Procedure

Sweat Test Administration

Diagnostic Intervention

Syme Amputation (Ankle Disarticulation)

Surgery / Invasive

Syndactyly Release

Surgery / Invasive

TAVR (Transcatheter Aortic Valve)

Surgery / Invasive

TEVAR (Thoracic Endovascular Repair)

Surgery / Invasive

TIF with Hiatal Hernia Repair (cTIF)

Surgery / Invasive

TMJ Arthrocentesis / Arthroscopy

Surgery / Invasive

TMVR (Transcatheter Mitral Valve)

Surgery / Invasive

Surgery / Invasive

TRUS-Guided Prostate Biopsy

Diagnostic Intervention

TandemHeart Insertion

Other Procedure

Targeted Muscle Reinnervation (TMR)

Surgery / Invasive

Tarsal Tunnel Release

Surgery / Invasive

Tendon Transfer

Surgery / Invasive

Tendon Transfer (Hand/Wrist)

Surgery / Invasive

Tendon Transfer (e.g., Foot Drop)

Surgery / Invasive

Testicular Prosthesis Insertion

Surgery / Invasive

Testicular Sperm Aspiration (TESA)

Surgery / Invasive

Testicular Sperm Extraction (micro-TESE)

Surgery / Invasive

Therapeutic Apheresis (e.g., Plasmapheresis)

Other Procedure

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (Tacrolimus/Cyclosporine)

Diagnostic Intervention

Therapeutic Hypothermia

Other Procedure

Therapeutic Hypothermia (Targeted Temperature Management)

Other Procedure

Therapeutic Phlebotomy for Post-Transplant Erythrocytosis

Physical / Respiratory Therapy

Therapeutic Plasma Exchange (TPE / Plasmapheresis)

Physical / Respiratory Therapy

Thighplasty (Thigh Lift)

Surgery / Invasive

Other Procedure

Thoracentesis (Diagnostic/Therapeutic)

Surgery / Invasive

Thoracoabdominal Aneurysm Repair

Surgery / Invasive

Thoracoabdominal Aneurysm Repair (Crawford)

Surgery / Invasive

Thoracoacromial Artery Perforator Flap

Surgery / Invasive

Other Procedure

Thrombectomy (Aspiration)

Other Procedure

Thrombophilia workup

Other Procedure

Thulium Laser Enucleation of Prostate (ThuLEP)

Surgery / Invasive

Thyroid Lobectomy

Surgery / Invasive

Tibial Osteotomy for Genu Varum (Bow-Leg)

Surgery / Invasive

Tikhoff-Linberg Procedure

Surgery / Invasive

Tilt Table Test

Diagnostic Intervention

Tissue Expander Exchange to Permanent Implant

Surgery / Invasive

Tissue Expander Insertion

Surgery / Invasive

Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy (T&A)

Surgery / Invasive

Torticollis Release (Sternocleidomastoid Myotomy)

Surgery / Invasive

Total Abdominal Hysterectomy (TAH)

Surgery / Invasive

Total Ankle Arthroplasty (TAA)

Surgery / Invasive

Total Artificial Heart (SynCardia)

Surgery / Invasive

Total Artificial Heart (TAH)

Surgery / Invasive

Total Calcanectomy

Surgery / Invasive

Total Claviculectomy

Surgery / Invasive

Total Elbow Arthroplasty (TEA)

Surgery / Invasive

Total Femur Replacement

Surgery / Invasive

Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA)

Surgery / Invasive

Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA) - Primary

Surgery / Invasive

Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA) - Revision

Surgery / Invasive

Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA)

Surgery / Invasive

Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) - Primary

Surgery / Invasive

Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) - Revision

Surgery / Invasive

Total Knee Arthroplasty Rehabilitation Protocol

Surgery / Invasive

Total Knee Replacement Rehab Protocol

Physical / Respiratory Therapy

Total Scapulectomy

Surgery / Invasive

Total Shoulder Arthroplasty (TSA)

Surgery / Invasive

Total Talectomy (Astragalectomy)

Surgery / Invasive

Total Thyroidectomy

Surgery / Invasive

Totally Endoscopic CABG (TECAB)

Surgery / Invasive

Surgery / Invasive

Tracheal Shave (Chondrolaryngoplasty)

Surgery / Invasive

Transbronchial Lung Biopsy (TBLB)

Surgery / Invasive

Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR)

Surgery / Invasive

Transcatheter Caval Valve Implantation (CAVI)

Surgery / Invasive

Transcatheter Mitral Valve Repair (MitraClip)

Surgery / Invasive

Transcatheter Mitral Valve Replacement (TMVR)

Surgery / Invasive

Transcatheter Pulmonary Valve Replacement (TPVR)

Surgery / Invasive

Transcatheter Tricuspid Edge-to-Edge Repair (TEER)

Surgery / Invasive

Transcatheter Tricuspid Valve Repair (TriClip)

Surgery / Invasive

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)

Other Procedure

Transcutaneous Pacing

Other Procedure

Transfemoral PCI

Surgery / Invasive

Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion (TLIF)

Surgery / Invasive

Transjugular Kidney Biopsy

Diagnostic Intervention

Transoral Incisionless Fundoplication (TIF 2.0)

Surgery / Invasive

Transoral Incisionless Fundoplication (TIF)

Surgery / Invasive

Transperineal Prostate Biopsy

Diagnostic Intervention

Transradial PCI

Surgery / Invasive

Transurethral Incision of Prostate (TUIP)

Surgery / Invasive

Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor (TURBT)

Surgery / Invasive

Transurethral Resection of Prostate (TURP)

Surgery / Invasive

Transvenous Temporary Pacemaker

Other Procedure

TriClip (Tricuspid Repair)

Surgery / Invasive

Triceps Tendon Repair

Surgery / Invasive

Tricuspid Valve Repair

Surgery / Invasive

Tricuspid Valve Replacement

Surgery / Invasive

Trigger Finger Release

Surgery / Invasive

Trigger Point Injection

Injection / Infusion

Trigger Point Injection (Myofascial Pain)

Injection / Infusion

Triple Arthrodesis (Foot Fusion)

Surgery / Invasive

Triple Valve Surgery

Surgery / Invasive

Trochanteric Bursa Injection (Corticosteroid)

Injection / Infusion

Trochanteric Bursa Injection (Steroid)

Injection / Infusion

Tubal Ligation (Laparoscopic)

Surgery / Invasive

Tube Thoracostomy (Chest Tube Insertion)

Surgery / Invasive

Tumor Endoprosthetic Reconstruction

Surgery / Invasive

Tumor Endoprosthetic Reconstruction (Distal Femur)

Surgery / Invasive

Tumor Endoprosthetic Reconstruction (Proximal Femur)

Surgery / Invasive

Tumor Endoprosthetic Reconstruction (Proximal Humerus)

Surgery / Invasive

Tumor Endoprosthetic Reconstruction (Proximal Tibia)

Surgery / Invasive

Tunneled Hemodialysis Catheter Insertion (Permcath)

Surgery / Invasive

Tunneled Pleural Catheter (PleurX) Placement

Surgery / Invasive

Type I Pelvic Resection (Ilium)

Surgery / Invasive

Type II Pelvic Resection (Periacetabular)

Surgery / Invasive

Type III Pelvic Resection (Ischium/Pubis)

Surgery / Invasive

Ulnar Collateral Ligament (UCL) Reconstruction (Tommy John Surgery)

Surgery / Invasive

Ulnar Collateral Ligament (UCL) Reconstruction (Tommy John)

Surgery / Invasive

Ulnar Nerve Transposition (Cubital Tunnel Release)

Surgery / Invasive

Ultrafiltration profiling

Other Procedure

Umbilical Hernia Repair with Mesh

Surgery / Invasive

Umbilical Vein Catheterization (UVC)

Surgery / Invasive

Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty (UKA)

Surgery / Invasive

Ureteroscopy (URS) with Laser Lithotripsy

Surgery / Invasive

Ureteroscopy with Laser Lithotripsy

Other Procedure

Ureteroscopy with stone fragmentation and removal

Other Procedure

Urethroplasty (Buccal Mucosal Graft)

Surgery / Invasive

Other Procedure

Urinalysis with Protein Measurement

Other Procedure

Urine Cytology for BKV

Other Procedure

Urine Output Monitoring

Other Procedure

Urine Protein Electrophoresis with Immunofixation

Other Procedure

Urine alkalinization

Other Procedure

Other Procedure

Urine anion gap calculation

Other Procedure

Urine culture and sensitivity testing

Other Procedure

Urine pH measurement

Other Procedure

UroLift System Implantation

Surgery / Invasive

Urodynamic Studies (UDS) - Complete

Diagnostic Intervention

Uroflowmetry with Post-Void Residual

Diagnostic Intervention

V-Y Advancement Flap

Surgery / Invasive

VATS (Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery)

Surgery / Invasive

VATS Bullectomy and Pleurodesis

Surgery / Invasive

VATS Lung Biopsy (Wedge Resection)

Surgery / Invasive

Surgery / Invasive

Vaginal Delivery (Normal Spontaneous - NSVD)

Surgery / Invasive

Vaginoplasty: Penile Inversion

Surgery / Invasive

Vaginoplasty: Robotic Intestinal

Surgery / Invasive

Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS)

Other Procedure

Vagus Nerve Stimulator (VNS) Implantation

Surgery / Invasive

Vascular Repair (Trauma - with Vascular Surgeon)

Surgery / Invasive

Vascular Repair (Trauma)

Surgery / Invasive

Vascular access creation (e.g., AV fistula, AV graft)

Other Procedure

Vascularized Free Fibular Flap (Reconstruction)

Surgery / Invasive

Vascularized Lymph Node Transfer (VLNT)

Surgery / Invasive

Vasectomy (No-Scalpel)

Surgery / Invasive

Vasoepididymostomy

Surgery / Invasive

Vein of Marshall Ethanol Ablation

Surgery / Invasive

Veno-Arterial ECMO Weaning and Decannulation

Surgery / Invasive

Other Procedure

Ventral/Incisional Hernia Repair (Rives-Stoppa)

Surgery / Invasive

Ventricular Septal Defect Closure

Surgery / Invasive

Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) Shunt Placement

Surgery / Invasive

Vertebral Body Tethering (Scoliosis)

Surgery / Invasive

Surgery / Invasive

Vesicovaginal Fistula Repair

Surgery / Invasive

Viscosupplementation Injection - Knee (Hyaluronic Acid)

Injection / Infusion

Water Deprivation Test

Diagnostic Intervention

Weight Management Counseling

Other Procedure

Wide Local Excision (Melanoma)

Surgery / Invasive

Wide Local Excision of Soft Tissue Sarcoma

Surgery / Invasive

Wound Debridement (Necrotizing Fasciitis)

Surgery / Invasive

Wound debridement

Other Procedure

Wrist Arthrodesis (Fusion)

Surgery / Invasive

YAG Laser Capsulotomy

Surgery / Invasive

Z-Plasty Scar Revision

Surgery / Invasive

Zenker's Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy (Z-POEM)

Surgery / Invasive

ankle osteoarthritis

Other Procedure

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