Medical Disclaimer
This condition guide is intended for educational and informational purposes only. It does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider regarding any symptoms or medical conditions.
Clinical Assessment & Protocol
Typical Presentation (HPI)
EN: Patient post-transplant presents with lichenoid skin rashes, xerostomia, and joint stiffness. AR: مريض بعد الزراعة يعاني من طفح جلدي شبيه بالحزاز، جفاف الفم، وتيبس المفاصل.
General Examination
EN: Sclerotic skin patches, oral mucosal ulcerations, and reduced range of motion in joints. AR: بقع جلدية متصلبة، تقرحات في الغشاء المخاطي للفم، وانخفاض مدى حركة المفاصل.
Treatment Protocol
EN: Systemic corticosteroids combined with calcineurin inhibitors and phototherapy. AR: الكورتيكوستيرويدات الجهازية مع مثبطات الكالسينيورين والعلاج الضوئي.
Patient Education
EN: Strict adherence to immunosuppression and frequent monitoring for secondary infections. AR: الالتزام الصارم بتثبيت المناعة والمراقبة المتكررة للعدوى الثانوية.
Systemic & Specialized Examinations
Cardiovascular
EN: S1, S2 present. No murmurs. AR: صوتا القلب الأول والثاني طبيعيان. لا توجد نفخات.
Respiratory
EN: Lungs clear to auscultation. AR: الرئتان صافيتان عند التسمع.
Gastrointestinal
EN: Abdomen soft, non-tender. AR: البطن لين ولا يوجد ألم.
Neurological
EN: Alert, oriented x3. No focal deficits. AR: المريض واعي ومدرك. لا يوجد عجز عصبي بؤري.
Dermatological
EN: Unremarkable or not routinely indicated. AR: طبيعي أو غير مطلوب روتينياً.
Psychiatric
EN: Unremarkable or not routinely indicated. AR: طبيعي أو غير مطلوب روتينياً.
OB/GYN
EN: Unremarkable or not routinely indicated. AR: طبيعي أو غير مطلوب روتينياً.
Ophthalmic
EN: Unremarkable or not routinely indicated. AR: طبيعي أو غير مطلوب روتينياً.
Dental
EN: Unremarkable or not routinely indicated. AR: طبيعي أو غير مطلوب روتينياً.
Orthopedic & Trauma Assessments
Range of Motion
EN: Unremarkable or not routinely indicated. AR: طبيعي أو غير مطلوب روتينياً.
Local Examination
EN: Unremarkable or not routinely indicated. AR: طبيعي أو غير مطلوب روتينياً.
Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease (cGVHD): A Comprehensive Clinical Guide
Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease (cGVHD) represents one of the most significant long-term complications following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). As a multisystem, immune-mediated disorder, it mirrors several autoimmune and fibrotic conditions, posing a substantial challenge to transplant outcomes, quality of life, and long-term survival.
1. Comprehensive Introduction & Overview
Chronic GVHD is defined as a systemic immune-mediated disorder occurring after allogeneic HSCT, characterized by inflammation and fibrosis involving multiple organ systems. Unlike acute GVHD, which is primarily driven by donor T-cell responses against host antigens in the early post-transplant period (typically within the first 100 days), cGVHD typically emerges later, often after day 100, though it can overlap with acute presentations.
Epidemiology and Significance
- Incidence: Affects 30% to 70% of long-term survivors of allogeneic HSCT.
- Impact: It is the leading cause of non-relapse mortality (NRM) in patients who survive the first year post-transplant.
- Clinical Presentation: Highly heterogeneous, ranging from mild dermatological involvement to severe, debilitating multi-organ failure.
2. Pathophysiology: The Mechanisms of Immune Dysregulation
The pathogenesis of cGVHD is complex, involving a breakdown in immune tolerance, aberrant T-cell and B-cell signaling, and the activation of pro-fibrotic pathways.
The Triad of Pathogenesis
- Impaired Thymic Function: Reduced thymic output leads to an inability to delete self-reactive T-cells, resulting in a repertoire skewed toward autoreactivity.
- Aberrant T-cell Activation: Donor-derived CD4+ T-cells exhibit a Th17 and T-follicular helper (Tfh) profile, which promotes B-cell activation and antibody production.
- B-cell Dysregulation: Increased BAFF (B-cell activating factor) levels prevent the apoptosis of autoreactive B-cells, leading to the production of autoantibodies and immune complex deposition in tissues.
Fibrotic Cascade
Chronic inflammation leads to the activation of macrophages and myofibroblasts. These cells secrete TGF-β (Transforming Growth Factor-beta) and PDGF (Platelet-Derived Growth Factor), which drive excessive collagen deposition, leading to the hallmark "scleroderma-like" skin changes and internal organ fibrosis.
3. Clinical Staging and Grading
The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Consensus Criteria are the gold standard for diagnosing and staging cGVHD.
NIH Consensus Scoring
The NIH criteria classify cGVHD based on organ involvement and severity:
| Organ System | Mild | Moderate | Severe |
|---|---|---|---|
| Skin | <25% BSA, mild symptoms | >25% BSA or significant impairment | Scleroderma, ulceration, or deep fasciitis |
| Mouth | Mild symptoms, able to eat | Moderate symptoms, limited diet | Severe pain, inability to eat |
| Eyes | Dryness, no visual impairment | Severe symptoms, requiring drops | Inability to work/perform ADLs |
| Lungs | FEV1 > 80% | FEV1 60-79% | FEV1 < 60% |
4. Clinical Presentation: Organ-Specific Manifestations
cGVHD can affect virtually any organ system. Below are the most frequent clinical presentations:
Dermatological (80% of cases)
- Lichenoid: Erythematous, purple, pruritic papules.
- Sclerodermatous: Thickening of the dermis, loss of skin elasticity, joint contractures.
Ocular (60-80% of cases)
- Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eyes), photophobia, and gritty sensation.
Oral (60-70% of cases)
- Mucositis, lichenoid plaques, atrophy, and xerostomia (dry mouth) leading to dental caries.
Pulmonary
- Bronchiolitis Obliterans (BO): The most feared manifestation. Characterized by irreversible airflow obstruction, cough, and dyspnea.
Gastrointestinal and Hepatic
- Esophageal webs, dysphagia, and cholestatic liver enzyme elevation.
5. Differential Diagnosis and Diagnostic Testing
Distinguishing cGVHD from other post-transplant complications is vital.
Key Differential Diagnoses
- Acute GVHD: Typically earlier onset, different clinical features (e.g., maculopapular rash).
- Drug-induced toxicity: Calcineurin inhibitor-associated symptoms.
- Infection: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) or fungal infections mimicking systemic inflammation.
- Relapse of Primary Malignancy: Must be excluded via biopsy.
Diagnostic Workup
- Biopsy: Skin, oral mucosa, or labial salivary gland biopsies are confirmatory.
- Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs): Essential for assessing BO (FEV1/FVC ratio).
- Schirmer’s Test: Quantification of tear production for ocular involvement.
- Serology: Assessment for autoantibodies (though not always diagnostic).
6. Risks, Side Effects, and Management Strategies
The management of cGVHD requires a multidisciplinary approach focusing on immunosuppression and supportive care.
Standard Pharmacotherapy
- First-line: Corticosteroids (Prednisone 1 mg/kg/day).
- Second-line/Steroid-Refractory:
- Ruxolitinib: JAK1/2 inhibitor (FDA-approved for steroid-refractory cGVHD).
- Belumosudil: ROCK2 inhibitor (targets the fibrotic pathway).
- Ibrutinib: BTK inhibitor (modulates B-cell signaling).
- Extracorporeal Photopheresis (ECP): Immunomodulatory procedure for refractory skin/mucosal disease.
Contraindications and Risks
- Infection Risk: Chronic immunosuppression significantly increases the risk of opportunistic infections (e.g., Pneumocystis jirovecii, Herpes Zoster).
- Metabolic Risks: Long-term steroid use leads to osteoporosis, hyperglycemia, and avascular necrosis.
7. Prognosis and Long-term Outlook
Prognosis depends heavily on the extent of organ involvement. Patients with extensive skin involvement or lung involvement (BO) have a poorer prognosis. With the advent of novel inhibitors like Ruxolitinib and Belumosudil, patient outcomes have significantly improved, shifting the focus from mere survival to functional recovery and quality of life.
8. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Q1: How is cGVHD different from acute GVHD?
A: Acute GVHD occurs early (pre-day 100) and targets skin, gut, and liver. Chronic GVHD is an immune-mediated process resembling autoimmune disease, often involving fibrosis and occurring later.
Q2: Can cGVHD be cured?
A: While "cure" is a difficult term, many patients can achieve long-term remission through immunosuppressive therapy and eventually taper off medications.
Q3: What is the most dangerous form of cGVHD?
A: Bronchiolitis Obliterans (lung involvement) is considered the most severe and life-limiting manifestation of the disease.
Q4: How do I know if my skin changes are GVHD?
A: Any new rash, tightening, or thickening of the skin post-transplant should be evaluated by a dermatologist or transplant specialist via biopsy.
Q5: Are there non-drug treatments for cGVHD?
A: Yes. Extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP), physical therapy for contractures, and specialized dental care are essential components of management.
Q6: Does cGVHD increase the risk of cancer?
A: Yes, the combination of chronic inflammation and long-term immunosuppression increases the risk of secondary malignancies, particularly squamous cell carcinoma of the skin.
Q7: Can cGVHD affect the eyes?
A: Absolutely. It is one of the most common symptoms. Patients should maintain regular follow-ups with an ophthalmologist.
Q8: What is "steroid-refractory" cGVHD?
A: This refers to cases where the disease progresses or fails to improve despite adequate doses of corticosteroids, requiring the addition of second-line agents.
Q9: How often should I have PFTs?
A: Patients with known cGVHD or those at high risk should have serial pulmonary function tests to screen for subclinical obstructive lung disease.
Q10: Is there a genetic predisposition to cGVHD?
A: Research suggests that HLA mismatches and certain donor/recipient genetic polymorphisms (e.g., cytokine gene variants) may increase the risk, but it is primarily an immunological complication of the transplant procedure itself.
9. Clinical Conclusion
Chronic GVHD remains a formidable complication of HSCT, but our understanding of its molecular basis has ushered in a new era of precision medicine. By targeting specific pathways—such as ROCK2 or the JAK-STAT signaling cascade—clinicians can now offer more effective, less toxic therapies. Early detection through vigilant screening and a multi-organ assessment approach is the cornerstone of managing this complex disease, ensuring that patients can achieve not only survival but a sustainable quality of life.
Disclaimer: This guide is intended for informational purposes for healthcare professionals and clinical students. It does not replace the judgment of a transplant physician. Always refer to the latest institutional protocols and NIH Consensus criteria when managing individual patient cases.
Related Clinical Integration
In the management of Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease (cGVHD), a multidisciplinary approach is essential to address the systemic nature of the condition and its associated complications. Clinical care often necessitates the use of Immunosuppressants, such as Tacrolimus, Mycophenolate Mofetil, and various Corticosteroids, to modulate the immune response, requiring rigorous Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (Tacrolimus/Cyclosporine) to ensure efficacy and safety. Patients frequently require Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG) for refractory cases, while supportive care for potential organ involvement may involve Kidney Function Tests and Liver biopsy to monitor for treatment-related toxicity or disease progression. Furthermore, the management of secondary infections or complications often requires Broad-spectrum antibiotics and Anti-emetics (e.g., Ondansetron), while Pain management using [Analgesics (e.g., Acetaminophen, Opioids)](https://yemenhealthos.com/ar/clinic/medications/analgesics-eg-acetaminophen-opioids-standard-2
Treatment & Management Options
Recommended Medications
ACD-A Solution
1000 mL
ACE Inhibitors
10mg
ARBs
80mg
Acetaminophen-Codeine
300mg / 30mg
Acetaminophen-Codeine
500mg/30mg
Acetylcysteine
600mg
Acetylcysteine (883)
600mg
Acetylcysteine (896)
600mg
Acthar Gel
80 Units / mL
Advaquenil
200mg
Agalsidase Alfa
1mg/ml
Agalsidase Beta
5mg
Albumin
20%
Albuterol
4mg
Allopurinol Tablets
100mg
Alteplase Vial
50mg
Alteplase Vial (880)
50mg
Amiloride
5mg
Amiodarone IV
150mg/3ml
Analgesics Tablet
500mg
Analgesics Tablet (1073)
500mg
Analgesics Tablet (997)
500mg
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers
50mg
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (816)
50mg
Ansimar tablet
400mg
Antibiotics
500mg
Antibiotics
500mg
Antibiotics (818)
500mg
Antibiotics (831)
500mg
Antibiotics (835)
500mg
Anticoagulants
40mg/0.4ml
Anticoagulants (1074)
40mg/0.4ml
Antihistamine Pre-medication
10mg/ml
Antihypertensives
5mg
Apixmed
5mg
Aranesp
40 mcg / 0.4 mL
Argatroban
250 mg / 2.5 mL
Aspirin
100mg
Aspirin (1040)
100mg
Aspirin Clopidogrel
75mg/75mg
Atropine
1mg/ml
Auryxia
210 mg
Azathioprine
50mg
Azenatt
500mg
Basiliximab
20mg
Basiliximab (1045)
20mg
Benlysta
200mg/ml
Biofrost Relief Cold Gel
100ml
Bisacodyl
5mg
Bisphosphonates Tablet
70mg
Bivalirudin Injection
250mg
Bon-one
0.25mcg
Bortezomib Injection
3.5mg
Botulinum Toxin Injection
100U
Broad-spectrum
500mg
Broad-spectrum (888)
500mg
Bumex
1 mg
Bupivacaine Injection
0.5%
CRRT Replacement Fluid
Standard
CRRT Replacement Fluid (925)
Standard
CVVHDF Replacement Fluid
Standard
Calcitriol
0.25mcg
Calcitriol (845)
0.25mcg
Calcium Acetate
667mg
Calcium Chloride Injection
100mg/ml
Calcium Citrate
500mg
Calcium Gluconate
100mg/ml
Calcium Gluconate
10ml
Calcium and Vitamin D
500mg/400IU
Captopril
25mg
Cardene
2.5mg/ml
Catapres
0.1 mg
Cefasyn
500mg
Cefazolin
1g
Cefazolin (1056)
1g
Cefazolin (917)
1g
Cefazolin Prophylactic
1g
Cefazolin Prophylactic (1067)
1g
Cefazolin Prophylactic (996)
1g
Cefazolin Prophylaxis
1g
Ceftisone
1g
Ceftracef
1g
Ceftriaxone
1g
CellCept
500 mg
Certolizumab Pegol
200mg
Chlorhexidine + Cetrimide
1.5%/0.15%
Chlorhexidine Antiseptic Solution
2%
Chlorhexidine Gluconate
2%
Chlorhexidine Gluconate Solution
2%
Chlorhexidine Gluconate Solution (951)
2%
Chlorhexidine Solution
2%
Chlorhexidine Solution (1006)
2%
Chlorhexidine Solution (1026)
2%
Chlorhexidine Solution (1050)
2%
Chlorthalidone Tablets
25mg
Cholecalciferol
1000 IU
Cholecalciferol (862)
1000 IU
Cholestyramine
4g
Cidofovir
75mg/ml
Cinacalcet
30mg
Ciplacef 500 vail
500mg
Cisplatin
50mg
Citrate Salts
500mg
Clarithromycin
500mg
Clopidogrel (1041)
75mg
Clopidogrel (959)
75mg
Clopidogrel (962)
75mg
Colesevelam
625mg
Colestipol
1g
Collajoint
40mg
Conjugated Estrogens
0.625mg
Corticosteroids
5mg
Corticosteroids (823)
5mg
Crofelemer
125mg
Cryoprecipitate
Standard
Crystalloids Solution
0.9%
Cuprimine
250 mg
Cyanocobalamin (640)
1000mcg
Cyclopentolate
1%
Cyclophosphamide
50mg
Cyclosporine
100mg
Cysteamine
50mg
Cytoxan
50mg
D5W / 0.45% Saline
50mg/ml + 4.5mg/ml
Danaparoid
750iu
Dapagliflozin
5mg
Daratumumab
100mg/5.5ml
Declomycin
150 mg
Demadex
20mg
Depo-Pred
40mg
Desmopressin
0.1mg
Devit-3 Oral Drops
50000 IU/15ml
Dexamethasone
4mg/ml
Dexiren (697)
25mg
Dextrose 5% in Water
5%
Dialysis Solution
1L
Diamox
250 mg
Diltiazem (875)
60mg
Diphenhydramine
25mg
Diphenhydramine
50mg/ml
Diphenhydramine (1038)
50mg/ml
Diphenoxylate/Atropine
2.5mg/0.025mg
Direct Oral Anticoagulants
5mg
Diuretics
40mg
Divido 75 mg cap
75 mg
Dobutamine
250mg/20ml
Dodepar Oral Vial
1000mcg/500mcg/5mg/6.1mg/10mg
Dofetilide
500mcg
Doxycaps
100mg
Doxylin
100mg
Electrolyte Additives
Standard
Electrolyte Supplements
Standard
Elitek
1.5 mg
Eluxadoline
100mg
Empagliflozin (785)
10mg
Empaveli
1080mg/20ml
Empiric Antibiotics
1g
Enalapril
10mg
Enalapril (815)
10mg
Enteral Feeding Formulas
Standard
Epinephrine
1mg/10ml
Epinephrine
1mg/ml
Eplerenone
50mg
Epoetin Alfa
4000IU/ml
Erythropoietin
4000IU
Esomac
40mg
Etricib
200mg
Evrenzo
50 mg
Farmodoxi
100mg
Farxiga
10 mg
Fentanyl
50mcg/ml
Fentanyl
100mcg
Fentanyl (1033)
50mcg/ml
Fentanyl (915)
50mcg/ml
Fentanyl (954)
50mcg/ml
Feraheme
510 mg / 17 mL
Ferrous Sulfate
325mg
Ferrous Sulfate
200mg
Fidaxomicin
200mg
Filgrastim
300mu/ml
Florinef
0.1 mg
Fludrocortisone
0.1mg
Fluorescein Sodium
10%
Fondaparinux
2.5mg/0.5ml
Formoterol
12mcg
Forsef I.V Injection
1g
Foscarnet Injection
24mg/ml
Fosrenol
500 mg
Fresh Frozen Plasma
Standard
Furosemide (895)
40mg
Furosemide Injection
10mg/ml
Furosemide Tablets (805)
40mg
Furosemide Tablets (887)
40mg
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
6mg/ml
Gazyva
1000mg/40ml
General Anesthetic Agents
10mg/ml
General Anesthetics
10mg/ml
Gentamicin
80mg/2ml
Glycopyrrolate
0.2mg/ml
Golimumab
100mg
Hectorol
1 mcg
Heparin
5000IU/ml
Heparin (1020)
5000IU/ml
Heparin (961)
5000IU/ml
Heparin ABG Syringe
1000IU/ml
Heparin Flush
100IU/ml
Heparin Lock Solution
100IU/ml
Humira
40mg
Hyalo 4 Plus Cream
0.2% / 1%
Hydrocortisone Enema
100mg/60mL
Hypertonic Saline
3%
IV Iron
750mg
IV Normal Saline
0.9%
IV Normal Saline Solution
0.9%
Immunosuppressants Tablet
25mg
Immunosuppressants Tablet
50mg
Immunosuppressants Vial
5mg/ml
Imuran
50 mg
Infliximab
100mg
Infliximab
100mg
Injectafer
750mg/15ml
Insulin Human
100IU/ml
Insulin Human (1001)
100IU/ml
Intravenous Fluids
0.9%
Intravenous Immunoglobulin
5g/100ml
Iodinated Contrast
270mg/ml
Iodinated Contrast Agent
300mg/ml
Iodinated Contrast Media
300mg/ml
Iodinated Contrast Media (1013)
300mg/ml
Iohexol
Standard
Ipratropium Bromide
250mcg/ml
Irbesartan
150mg
Iron Supplement
100mg
Iron Supplements
100mg
Isopropyl Alcohol 70%
70%
Isopropyl Alcohol 70% (1025)
70%
Isopropyl Alcohol Swab
70%
Isosorbide Dinitrate
10mg
Jardiance (765)
10mg
Jesduvroq
2mg
Juvamine Magnesium
Magnesium 300 mg and B2 1.2 mg and B6 2 mg
Jynarque
45 mg AM / 15 mg PM
Kayexalate
15 g / 60 mL
Kerendia
10 mg
Klamoks (1075)
1g
L-Carnitine (899)
500mg
Lactated Ringer's Solution
500ml
Lactulose
10g/15mL
Lanreotide
90mg
Lasix (761)
40mg
Lega (688)
50mg
Lenalidomide
10mg
Letermovir
240mg
Levetiracetam
500mg
Levobact (678)
500mg
Levohealth (1083)
500mg
Lidocaine
1%
Lidocaine
2%
Lidocaine (1007)
2%
Lidocaine (1032)
2%
Lidocaine (927)
2%
Lidocaine (932)
2%
Lidocaine (942)
2%
Lidocaine (958)
2%
Lidocaine Gel
2%
Lidocaine with Epinephrine
2%
Lidocaine with Epinephrine (1049)
2%
Linaclotide
145mcg
Lisinopril (1107)
10mg
Lithostat
250mg
Lokelma
10 g
Loniten
10 mg
Loperamide
2mg
Lorazepam
4mg/ml
Lorazepam
1mg
Lorazepam (912)
4mg/ml
Low Molecular Weight Heparin
40mg/0.4ml
Lubiprostone
24mcg
Lumasiran
94mg/0.5ml
Lupkynis
7.9 mg
Lynae D3+K2
50000 IU / 125 mcg
Lynae Vitamin D3
50000 IU
MRI Contrast Agent
1mmol/ml
Mabil (699)
500mcg
Magnesium Oxide
400mg
Mannitol Infusion
20%
Mecokem B12
500mcg
Melflam (1102)
15mg
Meloxicam (1092)
15mg
Mepacol Tablet
100mg/28mg/79mg
Mepolizumab
100mg
Methotrexate (680)
15mg
Methylprednisolone
40mg
Methylprednisolone (1027)
40mg
Methylprednisolone (1039)
40mg
Metoprolol
50mg
Midamor
5 mg
Midazolam
5mg/ml
Midazolam
5mg/ml
Midazolam (1054)
5mg/ml
Midazolam (1072)
5mg/ml
Midazolam (911)
5mg/ml
Midazolam (934)
5mg/ml
Midazolam (944)
5mg/ml
Midazolam (953)
5mg/ml
Midazolam (960)
5mg/ml
Midazolam and Fentanyl
5mg/ml
Midazolam and Fentanyl (1042)
5mg/ml
Midodrine
5mg
Migalastat
123mg
Mircera
50 mcg / 0.3 mL
Morphine
10mg/ml
Morphine (918)
10mg/ml
Moven
15mg
Multivitamin (904)
1 tablet
Mupirocin
2%
Muvit D3 + K2
50000/125 IU
Mycophenolate Mofetil
500mg
Mycophenolate Mofetil
500mg
Myfortic Tablet
360mg
NSAIDs
400mg
Nadolol
40mg
Naprorex
500mg
Natalizumab
300mg
Neoral
100 mg
Nifedipine
10mg
Nifedipine ER
60mg
Nitroprusside
50mg/2ml
Norepinephrine
1mg/ml
Norepinephrine
1mg/ml
Norepinephrine (928)
1mg/ml
Normal Saline
0.9%
Normal Saline (1014)
0.9%
Normal Saline (1037)
0.9%
Normal Saline (803)
0.9%
Normal Saline (922)
0.9%
Normal Saline (937)
0.9%
Normal Saline (952)
0.9%
Normal Saline Irrigation
0.9%
Nulojix
250mg
Octreotide
100mcg/mL
Octreotide LAR
20mg
Ondansetron
4mg/2ml
Ondansetron
4mg
Ondansetron (1019)
4mg/2ml
Ondansetron (1061)
4mg/2ml
Oxlumo
94.5mg/0.5ml
Oxygen Medical
100%
Ozanimod
0.92mg
Pancrelipase
10,000 USP
Pancrelipase
Standard
Paracetamol IV
10mg/ml
Parsabiv
5mg/ml
Patiromer
8.4g
Penicillamine
250mg
Penicillin G Benzathine
1.2M IU
Pentoxifylline
400mg
Pericardiocentesis Fluid Analysis
1 unit
Pharcotraxon
1GM
PhosLo
667mg
Phosphate Binders
500mg
Phosphate Binders (861)
500mg
Phosphate Supplements
500mg
Piperacillin-Tazobactam
4.5g
Plasma Exchange
N/A
Plasma-Lyte
N/A
Plasmapheresis
N/A
Platelet Concentrate
1 unit
Plecanatide
3mg
Polyethylene Glycol 3350
17g
Post-operative Analgesics
1g/100ml
Post-operative Opioids
10mg/ml
Post-procedure Analgesics
30mg/ml
Post-procedure Analgesics (1065)
30mg/ml
Potassium Chloride
600mg
Potassium Citrate
10mEq
Potassium Citrate (833)
10mEq
Povidone-Iodine
10%
Povidone-Iodine (1063)
10%
Pravastatin
40mg
Prednisolone
5mg
Prednisone
5mg
Prednisone
50mg
Prednisone (740)
5mg
Prograf (736)
1mg
Propofol
10mg/ml
Propofol (1047)
10mg/ml
Propofol (914)
10mg/ml
Propofol (955)
10mg/ml
Propranolol
20mg
Proteasome Inhibitors
N/A
Proton Pump Inhibitors
40mg
Proxymetacaine Eye Drops
0.5%
Pyridoxine (827)
40mg
Rabiza
20mg
Rapamune
1 mg
Rasburicase
1.5mg/ml
Ravulizumab
10mg/ml
Rayaldee
30 mcg
Renvela
800 mg
Reprat
40mg
Rifaximin
200mg
Rituxan
500mg/50ml
Rituximab
100mg/10ml
Rocaltrol
0.25 mcg
Rocuronium
10mg/ml
Salbutamol
5mg/ml
Salbutamol (1035)
5mg/ml
Samsca
15 mg
Senna
8.6mg
Sensipar
30 mg
Sevoflurane
100%
Shohl's Solution
500 mg / 5 mL
Simulect
20mg
Sodium Bicarbonate
650mg
Sodium Bicarbonate
50mEq/50ml
Sodium Bicarbonate
500mg
Sodium Bicarbonate (806)
500mg
Sodium Chloride
0.9%
Sodium Chloride 0.9% Flush
0.9%
Sodium Chloride Injection
0.9%
Sodium Citrate
1g/5ml
Sodium Phenylbutyrate
500mg
Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate
15g
Sodium Thiosulfate
250mg/ml
Soliris
300mg/30ml
Soliris (744)
300mg/30ml
Solu-Medrol
500mg
Spasmodil tablet
20mg
Statins
20mg
Sterile Saline
0.9%
Stopain Cream
75g
Streptokinase
1500000IU
Systemic Antibiotics
500mg
THAM Infusion
0.3 M / 500 mL
TPN Solution
1000ml
Tacrolimus
5mg/ml
Tacrolimus
1mg
Tadalafil
20mg
Talc Slurry
3g
Tamoxifen
10mg
Tavneos
10 mg
Tazact 4.5
4.5g
Telotristat Ethyl
250mg
Terlipressin
1mg
Tetracycline
500mg
Thiazide Diuretics
25mg
Thiola
100 mg
Thiopronin
250mg
Thymoglobulin
25 mg / Vial
Tiotropium
18mcg
Tofacitinib
10mg
Trandate
5mg/ml
Tropicamide Eye Drops
1%
UDCA
500mg
Uloric
40 mg
Unfractionated Heparin
5000unit/ml
Unfractionated Heparin (1010)
5000unit/ml
Upadacitinib
45mg
Urocit-K
10 mEq
Urokinase
N/A
Ursodeoxycholic Acid
250mg
Ustekinumab
90mg
Valganciclovir
450mg
Vancomycin
500mg
Varacet (1078)
37.5mg/325mg
Varacet (1106)
37.5mg/325mg
Vasopressors
1mg/ml
Vasopressors (886)
1mg/ml
Vasopressors and Inotropes
40mg/ml
Vedolizumab
300mg
Velphoro
500mg
Veltassa
8.4g
Venofer
100 mg / 5 mL
Verapamil ER
240mg
Vitamin B6 (730)
50mg
Vitamin D supplements
1000 IU
Vitamin K
10mg/ml
Vonoprazan
20mg
Xopan
40mg
Zaroxolyn Tablet
2.5mg
Zedcal
Ca(1000)mg/Mg(240)mg/D(200)mg/Zn(11mg)
Zedcal Syrup
150mg/5ml
Zemplar
1mcg
Zinc Sulfate
220mg
Zortress
0.75 mg
Zyloprim
100 mg
Medical Procedures / Surgeries
24-Hour Urine Collection for Oxalate and Citrate
Other Procedure
24-hour Urine Collection
Other Procedure
24-hour Urine Collection for Metabolic Evaluation
Other Procedure
24-hour Urine Collection for Proteinuria
Other Procedure
24-hour Urine Collection for Proteinuria and Creatinine Clearance
Other Procedure
24-hour Urine Protein Collection
Other Procedure
3D Mapping (CARTO/EnSite)
Diagnostic Intervention
ABO-Incompatible Kidney Transplant Desensitization
Physical / Respiratory Therapy
AC Joint Reconstruction
Surgery / Invasive
AC Joint Reconstruction (Weaver-Dunn)
Surgery / Invasive
ACL Reconstruction (Allograft)
Surgery / Invasive
ACL Reconstruction (Hamstring Autograft)
Surgery / Invasive
ACL Reconstruction (Hamstring Graft)
Surgery / Invasive
ACL Reconstruction (Patellar Tendon Autograft)
Surgery / Invasive
ACL Reconstruction (Patellar Tendon Graft)
Surgery / Invasive
AF Ablation (PVI)
Surgery / Invasive
ANCA Testing
Other Procedure
Abdominoperineal Resection (APR)
Surgery / Invasive
Abdominoplasty (Tummy Tuck)
Surgery / Invasive
Above-Knee Amputation (Transfemoral) for Tumor
Surgery / Invasive
Achilles Tendon Reconstruction
Surgery / Invasive
Achilles Tendon Repair (Open/Percutaneous)
Surgery / Invasive
Acid-Base Balance Assessment
Other Procedure
Acromioplasty (Open)
Surgery / Invasive
Acthar Gel (Repository Corticotropin Injection) Administration
Injection / Infusion
Activity Modification Counseling
Physical / Respiratory Therapy
Airway Stent Placement (Silicone/Metal)
Surgery / Invasive
Alcohol Septal Ablation
Other Procedure
Alkaline phosphatase measurement
Other Procedure
Alveolar Bone Grafting
Surgery / Invasive
Ambulatory BP Monitoring
Diagnostic Intervention
Ambulatory ECG Monitoring (Holter) - Extended
Diagnostic Intervention
Ammonium Chloride Loading Test
Diagnostic Intervention
Amniocentesis
Diagnostic Intervention
Amputation (Above Knee)
Surgery / Invasive
Amputation (Below Knee)
Surgery / Invasive
Amputation (Upper Extremity - e.g., Forearm/Arm)
Surgery / Invasive
Amputation (Upper Extremity)
Surgery / Invasive
Aneurysm Clipping (Open)
Surgery / Invasive
Aneurysm Coiling (Endovascular)
Surgery / Invasive
Angioplasty
Other Procedure
Ankle Arthrodesis (Fusion)
Surgery / Invasive
Ankle Arthroscopy (Diagnostic/Debridement)
Surgery / Invasive
Ankle Sprain Rehab Protocol
Physical / Respiratory Therapy
Ankle Sprain Rehabilitation Protocol
Physical / Respiratory Therapy
Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion (ACDF)
Surgery / Invasive
Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion (ALIF)
Surgery / Invasive
Anterolateral Thigh (ALT) Free Flap
Surgery / Invasive
Anti-PLA2R Antibody Assay
Other Procedure
Anti-Thymocyte Globulin (ATG) Induction Therapy
Injection / Infusion
Anti-reflux Mucosectomy (ARMS)
Surgery / Invasive
Anticoagulation management
Other Procedure
Antistreptolysin O (ASO) Titer
Other Procedure
Aortic Arch Replacement
Surgery / Invasive
Aortic Root Replacement (Bentall Procedure)
Surgery / Invasive
Aortic Root Replacement (Bentall)
Surgery / Invasive
Aortic Valve Replacement - Bioprosthetic
Surgery / Invasive
Aortic Valve Replacement - Mechanical
Surgery / Invasive
Aortography
Diagnostic Intervention
Application of Negative Pressure Wound Therapy (Wound VAC)
Physical / Respiratory Therapy
Aquablation of the Prostate
Surgery / Invasive
Argon Plasma Coagulation (APC) - Endobronchial
Surgery / Invasive
Arterial Line Placement
Surgery / Invasive
Arteriography
Other Procedure
Arteriovenous (AV) Fistula Creation
Surgery / Invasive
Arteriovenous Fistula (AVF) Creation (Radiocephalic/Brachiocephalic)
Surgery / Invasive
Arteriovenous Fistulogram (Diagnostic & Interventional)
Diagnostic Intervention
Arteriovenous Graft (AVG) Placement
Surgery / Invasive
Arthrocentesis (Joint Aspiration)
Surgery / Invasive
Arthroscopic AC Joint Resection (Distal Clavicle Excision)
Surgery / Invasive
Arthroscopic ACL Reconstruction
Surgery / Invasive
Arthroscopic Ankle Impingement Debridement
Surgery / Invasive
Arthroscopic Biceps Tenodesis
Surgery / Invasive
Arthroscopic Biceps Tenodesis / Tenotomy
Surgery / Invasive
Arthroscopic Capsular Release (Frozen Shoulder)
Surgery / Invasive
Arthroscopic Chondroplasty
Surgery / Invasive
Arthroscopic Distal Clavicle Excision (Mumford Procedure)
Surgery / Invasive
Arthroscopic Femoroacetabular Impingement (FAI) Correction
Surgery / Invasive
Arthroscopic Labral Repair (Bankart/SLAP)
Surgery / Invasive
Arthroscopic Labral Repair (Hip)
Surgery / Invasive
Arthroscopic Loose Body Removal (Hip)
Surgery / Invasive
Arthroscopic Loose Body Removal (Knee)
Surgery / Invasive
Arthroscopic Medial Plica Excision
Surgery / Invasive
Arthroscopic Meniscus Repair
Surgery / Invasive
Arthroscopic Microfracture (Cartilage Repair)
Surgery / Invasive
Arthroscopic Osteochondral Lesion Repair (Elbow)
Surgery / Invasive
Arthroscopic Partial Meniscectomy
Surgery / Invasive
Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair
Surgery / Invasive
Arthroscopic Subacromial Decompression
Surgery / Invasive
Arthroscopic Synovectomy and Loose Body Removal
Surgery / Invasive
Artificial Disc Replacement (Cervical)
Surgery / Invasive
Artificial Disc Replacement (Lumbar)
Surgery / Invasive
Artificial Urinary Sphincter (AUS) Implantation
Surgery / Invasive
Ascending Aorta Replacement
Surgery / Invasive
Aspiration Therapy (AspireAssist)
Surgery / Invasive
Aspiration of Joint Effusion
Other Procedure
Aspiration of Joint Effusion (Diagnostic)
Diagnostic Intervention
Atrial Flutter Ablation
Surgery / Invasive
Atrial Septal Defect Closure
Surgery / Invasive
Atrial Septostomy (Balloon/Blade)
Surgery / Invasive
Audiometry
Diagnostic Intervention
Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation (ACI) (Knee)
Surgery / Invasive
Autonomic Function Testing
Diagnostic Intervention
Axillary Lymph Node Dissection (ALND)
Surgery / Invasive
Back Slab Splint Application
Physical / Respiratory Therapy
Balance & Proprioception Training
Physical / Respiratory Therapy
Balloon Pericardiotomy
Other Procedure
Balloon Pulmonary Angioplasty (BPA)
Surgery / Invasive
Baroreflex Activation Therapy (BAT)
Other Procedure
Baroreflex Activation Therapy (BAT) Implant
Surgery / Invasive
Barrett's Ablation - APC
Surgery / Invasive
Barrett's Ablation - Cryotherapy
Surgery / Invasive
Barrett's Ablation - Cryotherapy (Liquid nitrogen)
Surgery / Invasive
Barrett's Ablation - Radiofrequency (HALO)
Surgery / Invasive
Barrett's Ablation - Radiofrequency Ablation (HALO)
Surgery / Invasive
Bartholin Gland Marsupialization / I&D
Surgery / Invasive
Basic Wound Dressing Change
Other Procedure
Belatacept Infusion Protocol
Injection / Infusion
Belimumab Infusion Protocol (Lupus Nephritis)
Injection / Infusion
Below-Knee Amputation (Transtibial) for Tumor
Surgery / Invasive
BiVAD Implantation
Surgery / Invasive
Bioimpedance Spectroscopy (BIS) for Dry Weight
Diagnostic Intervention
Blepharoplasty (Upper/Lower)
Surgery / Invasive
Blood Cultures
Other Procedure
Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) Measurement
Other Procedure
Blood pressure monitoring
Other Procedure
Body Plethysmography
Diagnostic Intervention
Bone Biopsy (Percutaneous)
Diagnostic Intervention
Bone Biopsy (Percutaneous, Image-Guided)
Diagnostic Intervention
Bone Grafting (Allograft - Cadaveric)
Surgery / Invasive
Bone Grafting (Allograft)
Surgery / Invasive
Bone Grafting (Autograft - Iliac Crest)
Surgery / Invasive
Bone Grafting (Autograft)
Surgery / Invasive
Bone Grafting (Sinus Lift / Ridge Augmentation)
Surgery / Invasive
Bone Marrow Aspiration (Cardiac)
Diagnostic Intervention
Bone Marrow Aspiration and Biopsy
Diagnostic Intervention
Bone Marrow Biopsy
Diagnostic Intervention
Bone Marrow-Derived Stem Cell Therapy
Diagnostic Intervention
Bone Tumor Excision
Surgery / Invasive
Bone Tumor Excision (Limb Salvage)
Surgery / Invasive
Bone biopsy
Diagnostic Intervention
Botulinum Toxin Injection
Surgery / Invasive
Botulinum Toxin Injection (Aesthetics)
Injection / Infusion
Botulinum Toxin Injection for Masseter Hypertrophy
Surgery / Invasive
Brachioplasty (Arm Lift)
Surgery / Invasive
Breast Augmentation (Silicone/Saline)
Surgery / Invasive
Breast Lumpectomy (Partial Mastectomy)
Surgery / Invasive
Bronchial Thermoplasty
Surgery / Invasive
Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL)
Diagnostic Intervention
Bronchodilator Therapy
Other Procedure
Bronchoscopy
Diagnostic Intervention
Buccal Fat Pad Excision
Surgery / Invasive
Bunionectomy (Hallux Valgus Correction)
Surgery / Invasive
Buttonhole Cannulation Technique Training
Physical / Respiratory Therapy
CABG - Off Pump (OPCAB)
Surgery / Invasive
CMC Arthroplasty (Thumb - LRTI)
Surgery / Invasive
CPAP/BiPAP Titration Study
Diagnostic Intervention
CRT-D
Surgery / Invasive
CRT-P (Biventricular Pacemaker)
Surgery / Invasive
CT Angiography of Renal Arteries
Surgery / Invasive
CT Scan of the Abdomen and Pelvis (non-contrast)
Other Procedure
CT scan of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder (KUB)
Other Procedure
CTO PCI (Complex)
Surgery / Invasive
Calciphylaxis Wound Management & Sodium Thiosulfate Protocol
Physical / Respiratory Therapy
Calf Implant Insertion
Surgery / Invasive
Canthopexy
Surgery / Invasive
Canthoplasty
Surgery / Invasive
Capsular Shift (Multidirectional Instability)
Surgery / Invasive
Capsule Endoscopy (PillCam COLON 2)
Diagnostic Intervention
Capsule Endoscopy (PillCam ESO)
Diagnostic Intervention
Capsule Endoscopy (PillCam PAN)
Diagnostic Intervention
Capsule Endoscopy (PillCam SB3)
Diagnostic Intervention
Cardiac Catheterization
Other Procedure
Cardiac Contractility Modulation (CCM)
Other Procedure
Cardiac Contractility Modulation (CCM) Implant
Surgery / Invasive
Cardiac Myxoma Resection
Surgery / Invasive
Cardiac Rehabilitation (Session)
Physical / Respiratory Therapy
Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT-P)
Surgery / Invasive
Cardiac Shockwave Therapy
Physical / Respiratory Therapy
Cardioneuroablation
Surgery / Invasive
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test
Diagnostic Intervention
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing (CPET)
Diagnostic Intervention
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)
Other Procedure
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (if indicated)
Other Procedure
Cardioversion (DCCV)
Other Procedure
Carotid Artery Stenting
Surgery / Invasive
Carotid Endarterectomy
Surgery / Invasive
Carotid Endarterectomy (CEA)
Surgery / Invasive
Carpal Tunnel Release
Surgery / Invasive
Carpal Tunnel Release (Endoscopic)
Surgery / Invasive
Carpal Tunnel Release (Open)
Surgery / Invasive
Catheter removal
Other Procedure
Catheter tip culture
Other Procedure
Catheter-directed thrombolysis
Other Procedure
Caudal Epidural Injection
Injection / Infusion
Cavus Foot Correction
Surgery / Invasive
Cemented Hemiarthroplasty for Pathologic Fracture
Surgery / Invasive
Central Venous Catheter (CVC) Placement
Surgery / Invasive
Central venous catheter placement
Other Procedure
Cervical Cerclage
Surgery / Invasive
Cervical Corpectomy for Tumor
Surgery / Invasive
Cervical Laminectomy
Surgery / Invasive
Cervical Laminoplasty
Surgery / Invasive
Cervical Radiculopathy Rehab Protocol
Physical / Respiratory Therapy
Cervical Radiculopathy Rehabilitation
Physical / Respiratory Therapy
Cervical Spinal Fusion (ACDF)
Surgery / Invasive
Cesarean Section (Lower Uterine Segment)
Surgery / Invasive
Chalazion Incision and Curettage (I&C)
Surgery / Invasive
Chemical Peel (Deep)
Surgery / Invasive
Chemical Pleurodesis (Talc/Doxycycline)
Surgery / Invasive
Chemodenervation for Spasticity
Surgery / Invasive
Chemotherapy (for underlying malignancy)
Physical / Respiratory Therapy
Chest Wall Resection and Reconstruction
Surgery / Invasive
Cholangioscopy (SpyGlass) with Lithotripsy
Surgery / Invasive
Chronic Total Occlusion (CTO) PCI
Surgery / Invasive
Circumcision (Adult)
Surgery / Invasive
Cleft Lip / Palate Repair
Surgery / Invasive
Cleft Lip Repair (Cheiloplasty)
Surgery / Invasive
Cleft Palate Repair (Palatoplasty)
Surgery / Invasive
Cleft Rhinoplasty (Definitive)
Surgery / Invasive
Clitoral Hood Reduction
Surgery / Invasive
Closed Reduction - Ankle Fracture/Dislocation
Physical / Respiratory Therapy
Closed Reduction - Distal Radius Fracture
Physical / Respiratory Therapy
Closed Reduction - Finger Dislocation
Physical / Respiratory Therapy
Closed Reduction - Joint Dislocation (e.g., Elbow/Knee)
Physical / Respiratory Therapy
Closed Reduction - Long Bone Fracture
Physical / Respiratory Therapy
Closed Reduction - Patella Dislocation
Physical / Respiratory Therapy
Closed Reduction - Shoulder Dislocation
Physical / Respiratory Therapy
Closed Reduction and Casting
Physical / Respiratory Therapy
Closed Reduction and Casting - Distal Radius
Physical / Respiratory Therapy
Closed Reduction and Percutaneous Pinning (CRPP) - Distal Radius
Surgery / Invasive
Closed Reduction and Splinting
Physical / Respiratory Therapy
Clubfoot Casting (Ponseti Method)
Surgery / Invasive
Clubfoot Correction (Extensive Soft Tissue Release)
Surgery / Invasive
Clubfoot Correction (Ponseti Method)
Surgery / Invasive
Coaptation Splint Application
Physical / Respiratory Therapy
Colonoscopy (Diagnostic/Screening)
Diagnostic Intervention
Colostomy Closure / Reversal
Surgery / Invasive
Colposcopy with Cervical Biopsy
Diagnostic Intervention
Common Bile Duct Exploration (CBDE)
Surgery / Invasive
Compartment Syndrome Fasciotomy
Surgery / Invasive
Complement level testing
Other Procedure
Complement-Dependent Cytotoxicity (CDC) Assay
Other Procedure
Complex Wound Care
Other Procedure
Computed Tomography (CT) Scan of Kidneys
Other Procedure
Conduction System Pacing (LBBAP)
Surgery / Invasive
Congenital Vertical Talus Correction
Surgery / Invasive
Congenital Vertical Talus Correction (Rock-Bottom Flatfoot)
Surgery / Invasive
Continuous Erythropoietin Receptor Activator (CERA) Administration
Injection / Infusion
Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT)
Physical / Respiratory Therapy
Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT) Management
Physical / Respiratory Therapy
Continuous Venovenous Hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF) Initiation
Physical / Respiratory Therapy
Continuous Video EEG Monitoring
Diagnostic Intervention
Convergent AF Ablation
Surgery / Invasive
Core Needle Allograft Kidney Biopsy
Diagnostic Intervention
Core Needle Biopsy of Bone Tumor (US/CT Guided)
Diagnostic Intervention
Core Needle Biopsy of Soft Tissue Sarcoma
Diagnostic Intervention
Core Stabilization Exercises (Spine)
Physical / Respiratory Therapy
Corneal Transplant (Penetrating Keratoplasty - PKP)
Surgery / Invasive
Coronary Angiography
Diagnostic Intervention
Coronary Angiography (Left Heart Cath)
Diagnostic Intervention
Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) - Off Pump (OPCAB)
Surgery / Invasive
Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) - On Pump
Surgery / Invasive
Coronary Flow Reserve (CFR)
Diagnostic Intervention
Coronary Sinus Reducer
Surgery / Invasive
Coronary Sinus Reducer Implantation
Surgery / Invasive
Corpectomy (Cervical)
Surgery / Invasive
Corpus Callosotomy
Surgery / Invasive
Craniotomy for Tumor Resection
Surgery / Invasive
Cricothyroidotomy
Surgery / Invasive
Cross-Facial Nerve Graft
Surgery / Invasive
Cryoablation of Bone Tumor
Surgery / Invasive
Cryocrit determination
Other Procedure
Cryotherapy / Cryobiopsy - Endobronchial
Surgery / Invasive
Curettage and Bone Grafting of Hand Enchondroma
Surgery / Invasive
Curettage of Calcaneal Bone Cyst
Surgery / Invasive
Curettage with Adjuvant Therapy (Phenol/Cryotherapy/Argon)
Surgery / Invasive
Custom 3D-Printed Pelvic Reconstruction
Surgery / Invasive
Custom Orthosis Fitting
Physical / Respiratory Therapy
Custom Orthosis Fitting (Spine/Limb)
Physical / Respiratory Therapy
Cyclophosphamide Oral Protocol (Euro-Lupus / Vasculitis)
Physical / Respiratory Therapy
DBE - Total enteroscopy
Diagnostic Intervention
DIEP Flap Breast Reconstruction
Surgery / Invasive
DLCO (Diffusion Capacity of Carbon Monoxide)
Diagnostic Intervention
Darrach Procedure (for Tumor)
Surgery / Invasive
David Procedure (Valve-Sparing Root Replacement)
Surgery / Invasive
David Procedure (Valve-Sparing)
Surgery / Invasive
De Quervain’s Tenosynovitis Release
Surgery / Invasive
Debridement & Irrigation of Septic Joint
Surgery / Invasive
Debridement of Necrotizing Infection
Surgery / Invasive
Debridement of Open Fracture
Surgery / Invasive
Debridement of Open Fracture (Gustilo)
Surgery / Invasive
Debridement of Osteomyelitis
Surgery / Invasive
Debridement of Osteomyelitis (Sequestrectomy)
Surgery / Invasive
Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) Implantation
Surgery / Invasive
Deep Circumflex Iliac Artery (DCIA) Flap
Surgery / Invasive
Deep Plane Rhytidectomy
Surgery / Invasive
Defibrillation
Other Procedure
Dental Crown Preparation and Cementation
Physical / Respiratory Therapy
Dental Implant Placement (Endosseous)
Surgery / Invasive
Dermal Filler Injection (Hyaluronic Acid)
Injection / Infusion
Descending Aorta Replacement
Surgery / Invasive
Desensitization Protocol for HLA-Incompatible Transplant
Physical / Respiratory Therapy
Diagnostic Arthroscopy - Ankle
Diagnostic Intervention
Diagnostic Arthroscopy - Knee
Diagnostic Intervention
Diagnostic Arthroscopy - Shoulder
Diagnostic Intervention
Diagnostic Cystoscopy (Flexible)
Diagnostic Intervention
Diagnostic Cystoscopy (Rigid)
Diagnostic Intervention
Diagnostic Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)
Diagnostic Intervention
Diagnostic Laparoscopy
Surgery / Invasive
Diagnostic Paracentesis for PD Peritonitis
Diagnostic Intervention
Diagnostic Peritoneal Lavage
Other Procedure
Diagnostic paracentesis
Diagnostic Intervention
Dialysate temperature adjustment
Other Procedure
Diaphyseal Intercalary Resection of Tibia
Surgery / Invasive
Dilation and Curettage (D&C)
Surgery / Invasive
Direct Current Cardioversion (DCCV)
Other Procedure
Discography (Cervical/Lumbar)
Diagnostic Intervention
Discontinuation of Dialysis
Physical / Respiratory Therapy
Distal Biceps Tendon Repair
Surgery / Invasive
Distal Femoral Osteotomy (DFO)
Surgery / Invasive
Distal Femoral Osteotomy for Genu Valgum (Knock-Knee)
Surgery / Invasive
Distal Fibulectomy (Tumor Resection)
Surgery / Invasive
Distal Radioulnar Joint (DRUJ) Arthroplasty (Sauve-Kapandji)
Surgery / Invasive
Distal Radius Resection with Fibular Autograft Reconstruction
Surgery / Invasive
Distraction Osteogenesis (Mandible)
Surgery / Invasive
Double Valve Replacement (AVR + MVR)
Surgery / Invasive
Double-Balloon Enteroscopy (DBE) - Antegrade
Diagnostic Intervention
Double-Balloon Enteroscopy - Retrograde
Diagnostic Intervention
Double-J (DJ) Stent Insertion
Surgery / Invasive
Double-J Stent Removal
Surgery / Invasive
Drug history review
Other Procedure
Duplex Ultrasound
Other Procedure
Duplex Ultrasound of Renal Arteries
Other Procedure
Dupuytren's Fasciectomy
Surgery / Invasive
ECMO - Veno-Arterial (VA-ECMO)
Surgery / Invasive
ECMO - Veno-Venous (VV-ECMO)
Surgery / Invasive
ECMO Cannulation
Surgery / Invasive
EFTR - Over-the-scope clip (OTSC) assisted
Surgery / Invasive
EMG/Nerve Conduction Study (NCS) Referral
Diagnostic Intervention
EMR - Cap assisted
Surgery / Invasive
EMR - Underwater (U-EMR)
Surgery / Invasive
ERCP - Ampullectomy (Endoscopic papillectomy)
Surgery / Invasive
ERCP - Bilateral Hilar Stenting (Stent-in-Stent)
Surgery / Invasive
ERCP - Biliary Sphincterotomy
Surgery / Invasive
ERCP - Biliary Stent Placement (Fully covered SEMS)
Surgery / Invasive
ERCP - Biliary Stent Placement (Plastic 5-12Fr)
Surgery / Invasive
ERCP - Biliary Stent Placement (Uncovered SEMS)
Surgery / Invasive
ERCP - Biliary Stone Extraction (Balloon/Basket)
Surgery / Invasive
ERCP - Cholangioscopy (SpyGlass) Guided Biopsy
Diagnostic Intervention
ERCP - Cyst Duct Stenting (Mirizzi syndrome)
Surgery / Invasive
ERCP - Electrohydraulic Lithotripsy (EHL)
Surgery / Invasive
ERCP - Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL)
Surgery / Invasive
ERCP - Laser Lithotripsy
Surgery / Invasive
ERCP - Mechanical Lithotripsy
Surgery / Invasive
ERCP - Minor Papilla Cannulation
Diagnostic Intervention
ERCP - Minor Papilla Sphincterotomy
Surgery / Invasive
ERCP - Pancreatic Sphincterotomy
Surgery / Invasive
ERCP - Pancreatic Stent Placement
Surgery / Invasive
ERCP - Pancreatic Stone Extraction
Surgery / Invasive
ESD - Colon
Surgery / Invasive
ESD - Rectum
Surgery / Invasive
ESD - Stomach (Antrum)
Surgery / Invasive
ESD - Stomach (Body/ Fundus)
Surgery / Invasive
EUS - Biliary Drainage (EUS-BD) - Antegrade stenting
Surgery / Invasive
EUS - Biliary Drainage (EUS-BD) - Choledochoduodenostomy
Surgery / Invasive
EUS - Biliary Drainage (EUS-BD) - Hepaticogastrostomy
Surgery / Invasive
EUS - Celiac Plexus Block (CPB) with steroids
Surgery / Invasive
EUS - Celiac Plexus Neurolysis (CPN)
Surgery / Invasive
EUS - Cystogastrostomy (Lumen-apposing metal stent)
Surgery / Invasive
EUS - Cystogastrostomy (Plastic stent double pigtail)
Surgery / Invasive
EUS - FNA of Left Adrenal Gland
Diagnostic Intervention
EUS - FNA of Mediastinal Lymph Nodes
Diagnostic Intervention
EUS - Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) of Pancreas
Diagnostic Intervention
EUS - Fine Needle Biopsy (FNB) of Pancreas
Diagnostic Intervention
EUS - Fine Needle Injection (FNI) of Pancreatic Cysts
Surgery / Invasive
EUS - Gallbladder Drainage (EUS-GBD)
Surgery / Invasive
EUS - Gastric Varices Coil Embolization
Surgery / Invasive
EUS - Pancreatic Duct Drainage (EUS-PD)
Surgery / Invasive
EUS - Portal Pressure Gradient Measurement
Diagnostic Intervention
EUS - Staging of Esophageal Cancer (EUS-TNM)
Diagnostic Intervention
EUS - Staging of Gastric Cancer
Diagnostic Intervention
EUS - Staging of Pancreatic Cancer (Resectability)
Diagnostic Intervention
EUS - Staging of Rectal Cancer
Diagnostic Intervention
EUS-Celiac Plexus Neurolysis (CPN)
Surgery / Invasive
EUS-guided Biliary Drainage (EUS-BD)
Surgery / Invasive
EUS-guided Cystogastrostomy (LAMS)
Surgery / Invasive
EUS-guided Gallbladder Drainage (EUS-GBD)
Surgery / Invasive
EUS-guided Gallbladder Drainage (LAMS)
Surgery / Invasive
EUS-guided Rendezvous ERCP (Failed papilla cannulation)
Surgery / Invasive
EVAC - Esophageal perforation
Surgery / Invasive
EVAR (Endovascular AAA Repair)
Surgery / Invasive
Echocardiogram
Diagnostic Intervention
Eculizumab / Ravulizumab Infusion Protocol
Injection / Infusion
Elbow Arthroscopy (Diagnostic/Debridement)
Surgery / Invasive
Electrocardiogram (ECG)
Diagnostic Intervention
Electroencephalogram (EEG) - Routine
Diagnostic Intervention
Electrolyte Panel
Other Procedure
Electrolyte monitoring
Other Procedure
Electromyography (EMG)
Diagnostic Intervention
Electron Microscopy
Other Procedure
Electrophysiology Study (EPS)
Diagnostic Intervention
En Bloc Spondylectomy
Surgery / Invasive
En-Bloc Capsulectomy
Surgery / Invasive
Endobronchial Ultrasound (EBUS-TBNA)
Diagnostic Intervention
Endobronchial Valve Placement (Zephyr/Spiration)
Surgery / Invasive
Endometrial Ablation
Surgery / Invasive
Endomyocardial Biopsy
Diagnostic Intervention
Endoscopic Balloon Dilation (Through-the-scope)
Surgery / Invasive
Endoscopic Balloon Dilation (Wire-guided bougie)
Surgery / Invasive
Endoscopic Brow Lift
Surgery / Invasive
Endoscopic Deflux Injection for Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR)
Surgery / Invasive
Endoscopic Full-Thickness Resection (EFTR)
Surgery / Invasive
Endoscopic Fundoplication (GERD-X)
Surgery / Invasive
Endoscopic Hemostasis - APC (Argon Plasma)
Surgery / Invasive
Endoscopic Hemostasis - Band Ligation (Varices)
Surgery / Invasive
Endoscopic Hemostasis - Clipping (Through-scope)
Surgery / Invasive
Endoscopic Hemostasis - Combination therapy (Epinephrine + Clip)
Surgery / Invasive
Endoscopic Hemostasis - Epinephrine injection
Surgery / Invasive
Endoscopic Hemostasis - Hemospray (TC-325)
Surgery / Invasive
Endoscopic Hemostasis - Hemostatic Forceps (Coagrasper)
Surgery / Invasive
Endoscopic Hemostasis - Over-the-scope Clip (OTSC)
Surgery / Invasive
Endoscopic Hemostasis - Sclerotherapy (EVS)
Surgery / Invasive
Endoscopic Mucosal Resection (EMR) - Piecemeal
Surgery / Invasive
Endoscopic Mucosal Resection (EMR) - Standard snare
Surgery / Invasive
Endoscopic Pyloromyotomy (G-POEM) - Diabetic GP
Surgery / Invasive
Endoscopic Pyloromyotomy - Post-surgical GP
Surgery / Invasive
Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) - Diagnostic
Diagnostic Intervention
Endoscopic Revision - Gastric Band (Slippage)
Surgery / Invasive
Endoscopic Revision - Gastric Bypass (Pouch dilation)
Surgery / Invasive
Endoscopic Revision of Bariatric Surgery (Roux-en-Y)
Surgery / Invasive
Endoscopic Sleeve Gastroplasty (ESG)
Surgery / Invasive
Endoscopic Sleeve Gastroplasty with Pyloric sparing
Surgery / Invasive
Endoscopic Stent Placement (Colon - Through scope)
Surgery / Invasive
Endoscopic Stent Placement (Colon)
Surgery / Invasive
Endoscopic Stent Placement (Duodenum)
Surgery / Invasive
Endoscopic Stent Placement (Esophagus - Fully covered)
Surgery / Invasive
Endoscopic Stent Placement (Esophagus - Partially covered)
Surgery / Invasive
Endoscopic Stent Placement (Esophagus)
Surgery / Invasive
Endoscopic Stricturotomy (IT-knife)
Surgery / Invasive
Endoscopic Stricturotomy (Needle-knife)
Surgery / Invasive
Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection (ESD) - Esophagus
Surgery / Invasive
Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection (ESD) - Gastric
Surgery / Invasive
Endoscopic Vacuum Therapy (EVAC)
Surgery / Invasive
Endoscopic Vacuum Therapy (EVAC) - Anastomotic leak
Surgery / Invasive
Endotracheal Intubation
Surgery / Invasive
Endovascular Mechanical Thrombectomy
Surgery / Invasive
Endovascular Salvage of Thrombosed AVF/AVG (Declotting)
Surgery / Invasive
Enhanced External Counterpulsation (EECP)
Other Procedure
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for Donor-Specific Antibodies (DSAs)
Other Procedure
Epicardial VT Ablation
Surgery / Invasive
Epicondyle Injection (Elbow - Steroid)
Injection / Infusion
Epididymectomy
Surgery / Invasive
Epidural Steroid Injection (ESI - Cervical)
Injection / Infusion
Epidural Steroid Injection (ESI - Lumbar)
Injection / Infusion
Escharotomy
Surgery / Invasive
Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) Calculation
Other Procedure
Event Monitor Placement
Other Procedure
Evoked Potentials (VEP, BAER, SSEP)
Diagnostic Intervention
Excision of Benign Oral Tumor/Cyst
Surgery / Invasive
Excision of Lipoma / Sebaceous Cyst
Surgery / Invasive
Excision of Lipoma/Small Soft Tissue Mass
Surgery / Invasive
Excision of Morton's Neuroma
Surgery / Invasive
Excision of Osteochondroma (Exostosectomy)
Surgery / Invasive
Excision of Osteoid Osteoma (Talus/Calcaneus)
Surgery / Invasive
Excision of Subungual Glomus Tumor
Surgery / Invasive
Exploratory Laparotomy (Damage Control)
Surgery / Invasive
Extensive Open Synovectomy (Knee/Hip)
Surgery / Invasive
Extensor Tendon Repair (Hand)
Surgery / Invasive
External Fixation Application (Lower Extremity)
Surgery / Invasive
External Fixation Application (Upper Extremity)
Surgery / Invasive
External Ventricular Drain (EVD) Insertion
Surgery / Invasive
Extracorporeal CPR (eCPR) Cannulation
Surgery / Invasive
Extracorporeal Cytokine Adsorption (CytoSorb)
Physical / Respiratory Therapy
Extracorporeal Irradiation and Reimplantation (ECI)
Surgery / Invasive
Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL)
Surgery / Invasive
Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) Medical Management
Physical / Respiratory Therapy
Extracranial-Intracranial (EC-IC) Bypass
Surgery / Invasive
FTM Top Surgery: Double Incision
Surgery / Invasive
FTM Top Surgery: Periareolar/Keyhole
Surgery / Invasive
Facet Joint Injection (Cervical/Lumbar - Diagnostic/Therapeutic)
Injection / Infusion
Facet Joint Injection (Cervical/Lumbar)
Injection / Infusion
Facial Feminization: Frontal Sinus Setback
Surgery / Invasive
Facial Feminization: Mandibular Angle Reduction
Surgery / Invasive
Fasciotomy (Hand/Forearm)
Surgery / Invasive
Fat Grafting (Autologous Fat Transfer)
Surgery / Invasive
Femoral Derotational Osteotomy
Surgery / Invasive
Femoral Osteotomy for DDH
Surgery / Invasive
Fibula Free Flap
Surgery / Invasive
Fibular Free Flap
Surgery / Invasive
Fibular Shaft Resection (En Bloc)
Surgery / Invasive
Finger Joint Arthroplasty (MCP/PIP)
Surgery / Invasive
Fistulotomy
Surgery / Invasive
Flatfoot Reconstruction (Adult Acquired)
Surgery / Invasive
Flexible Bronchoscopy (Diagnostic)
Diagnostic Intervention
Flexor Tendon Repair
Surgery / Invasive
Flexor Tendon Repair (Hand)
Surgery / Invasive
Flow Cytometry
Other Procedure
Fluid balance monitoring
Other Procedure
Fluid management during hemodialysis
Physical / Respiratory Therapy
Fluid resuscitation
Other Procedure
Foraminotomy (Cervical)
Surgery / Invasive
Foraminotomy (Lumbar)
Surgery / Invasive
Foreign Body Removal (Superficial)
Surgery / Invasive
Forequarter Amputation
Surgery / Invasive
Fractional Excretion Indices Calculation (FeNa, FeUrea)
Diagnostic Intervention
Fractional Flow Reserve (FFR)
Diagnostic Intervention
Frozen Elephant Trunk Procedure
Surgery / Invasive
Full-Thickness Skin Graft (FTSG)
Surgery / Invasive
Ganglion Cyst Aspiration
Injection / Infusion
Ganglion Cyst Excision
Surgery / Invasive
Ganglion Cyst Excision (Endoscopic)
Surgery / Invasive
Ganglion Cyst Excision (Open/Arthroscopic)
Surgery / Invasive
Gastric POEM (G-POEM) for Gastroparesis
Surgery / Invasive
Gastric Peroral Endoscopic Pyloromyotomy (G-POEM)
Surgery / Invasive
Gastrostomy Tube (G-Tube) Placement
Surgery / Invasive
Genetic Testing
Other Procedure
Genetic Testing (AGXT gene sequencing)
Other Procedure
Genioplasty (Chin Augmentation/Reduction)
Surgery / Invasive
Gingivectomy / Crown Lengthening
Surgery / Invasive
Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) Estimation
Other Procedure
Gluteal Augmentation (BBL)
Surgery / Invasive
Gluteus Medius Repair
Surgery / Invasive
Gracilis Muscle Free Flap
Surgery / Invasive
Gynecomastia Excision
Surgery / Invasive
Hair Transplantation (FUE/FUT)
Surgery / Invasive
Hammertoe/Clawtoe Correction
Surgery / Invasive
Hartmann's Procedure
Surgery / Invasive
Heart Rate Variability (HRV) Analysis
Diagnostic Intervention
Heart Transplant
Surgery / Invasive
Heart Transplant - Heterotopic (Piggyback)
Surgery / Invasive
Heart Transplant - Orthotopic
Surgery / Invasive
Heart Valve Replacement - Bioprosthetic Aortic
Surgery / Invasive
Heart Valve Replacement - Bioprosthetic Mitral
Surgery / Invasive
Heart Valve Replacement - Mechanical Aortic
Surgery / Invasive
Heart Valve Replacement - Mechanical Mitral
Surgery / Invasive
Heart-Lung Transplant
Surgery / Invasive
Hemiarthroplasty (Hip)
Surgery / Invasive
Hemiarthroplasty (Shoulder)
Surgery / Invasive
Hemicortical Resection (Surface Osteosarcoma)
Surgery / Invasive
Hemiepiphysiodesis (Guided Growth)
Surgery / Invasive
Hemodialysis
Physical / Respiratory Therapy
Hemodialysis Catheter (Permcath) Insertion
Surgery / Invasive
Hemodialysis catheter insertion (if new catheter needed)
Physical / Respiratory Therapy
Hemoperfusion (Charcoal/Resin Cartridge)
Physical / Respiratory Therapy
Hemorrhoidectomy (Excisional)
Surgery / Invasive
Hepatic Wedge Resection
Surgery / Invasive
High Tibial Osteotomy (HTO)
Surgery / Invasive
High-Risk PCI (Impella Support)
Surgery / Invasive
Hip Arthroscopy (Diagnostic/Debridement)
Surgery / Invasive
Hip Disarticulation
Surgery / Invasive
Hip Resurfacing Arthroplasty
Surgery / Invasive
Holmium Laser Enucleation of Prostate (HoLEP)
Surgery / Invasive
Holter Monitor Placement
Diagnostic Intervention
Hybrid AF Ablation
Surgery / Invasive
Hydrocelectomy
Surgery / Invasive
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy
Other Procedure
Hysteroscopy
Diagnostic Intervention
IABP Insertion
Surgery / Invasive
ICD - Dual Chamber
Surgery / Invasive
ICD - Single Chamber
Surgery / Invasive
IUD (Intrauterine Device) Insertion/Removal
Surgery / Invasive
Ileal Conduit Urinary Diversion
Surgery / Invasive
Iliopsoas Release
Surgery / Invasive
Immunofixation electrophoresis
Other Procedure
Immunofluorescence Microscopy
Other Procedure
Immunosuppressive Drug Level Monitoring
Other Procedure
Immunosuppressive therapy
Other Procedure
Impella (LV Support Device) Insertion
Other Procedure
Impella 5.5 Surgical Insertion
Surgery / Invasive
Impella Insertion
Surgery / Invasive
Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD) - Single Chamber
Surgery / Invasive
In Situ Pinning for Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis (SCFE)
Surgery / Invasive
Incision and Drainage (Abscess)
Surgery / Invasive
Incision and Drainage (I&D) of Perianal Abscess
Surgery / Invasive
Incision and Drainage of Fascial Space Infection
Surgery / Invasive
Incisional Biopsy of Oral Mucosa
Surgery / Invasive
Instantaneous Wave-Free Ratio (iFR)
Diagnostic Intervention
Intercalary Allograft/Prosthesis Reconstruction
Surgery / Invasive
Intermittent Hemodialysis
Physical / Respiratory Therapy
Intermittent Hemodialysis Prescription & Initiation
Physical / Respiratory Therapy
Internal Hemipelvectomy
Surgery / Invasive
Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump (IABP) Insertion
Other Procedure
Intra-articular Corticosteroid Injection
Injection / Infusion
Intra-articular Hip Injection (Corticosteroid - often US/Fluoro guided)
Injection / Infusion
Intra-articular Hip Injection (Steroid)
Injection / Infusion
Intra-articular Knee Injection (Corticosteroid)
Injection / Infusion
Intra-articular Knee Injection (Hyaluronic Acid/Viscosupplementation)
Injection / Infusion
Intra-articular Knee Injection (PRP - Platelet-Rich Plasma)
Injection / Infusion
Intra-articular Knee Injection (Steroid)
Injection / Infusion
Intra-articular Shoulder Injection (Corticosteroid)
Injection / Infusion
Intra-articular Shoulder Injection (Steroid)
Injection / Infusion
Intracardiac Echocardiography (ICE)
Diagnostic Intervention
Intracavernosal Injection Therapy (ICI)
Injection / Infusion
Intragastric Balloon (Obalon - Gas-filled)
Surgery / Invasive
Intragastric Balloon (Orbera 6 months)
Surgery / Invasive
Intragastric Balloon (Spatz - Adjustable)
Surgery / Invasive
Intragastric Balloon Placement
Surgery / Invasive
Intralesional Collagenase Injection (Xiaflex)
Injection / Infusion
Intralesional Curettage and Bone Grafting
Surgery / Invasive
Intramedullary Nailing (Femoral Shaft Fracture)
Surgery / Invasive
Intramedullary Nailing (Femoral Shaft)
Surgery / Invasive
Intramedullary Nailing (Fibular Shaft)
Surgery / Invasive
Intramedullary Nailing (Humeral Shaft Fracture)
Surgery / Invasive
Intramedullary Nailing (Humeral Shaft)
Surgery / Invasive
Intramedullary Nailing (Tibial Shaft Fracture)
Surgery / Invasive
Intramedullary Nailing - Tibial Shaft Fracture
Surgery / Invasive
Intraoperative Neuromonitoring (IONM)
Other Procedure
Intraperitoneal Antibiotic Administration
Other Procedure
Intrathecal Baclofen Pump Implantation
Surgery / Invasive
Intravascular Lithotripsy
Surgery / Invasive
Intravascular Lithotripsy (IVL)
Surgery / Invasive
Intravascular Lithotripsy (IVL) of Coronary Artery
Surgery / Invasive
Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS)
Diagnostic Intervention
Intravenous Cyclophosphamide Pulse Therapy (NIH Protocol)
Injection / Infusion
Intravenous Etelcalcetide (Parsabiv) Administration
Injection / Infusion
Intravenous Iron Replacement Protocol (Ferric Carboxymaltose)
Injection / Infusion
Intravenous Rituximab Infusion Protocol for Glomerular Disease
Injection / Infusion
Intravenous antibiotic administration
Other Procedure
Intravenous fluid resuscitation
Other Procedure
Intravesical BCG Instillation
Physical / Respiratory Therapy
Intravesical Botox Injection
Surgery / Invasive
Intravitreal Anti-VEGF Injection (Lucentis/Eylea/Avastin)
Surgery / Invasive
Intussusception Reduction (Air Enema)
Surgery / Invasive
Isolated Limb Perfusion (ILP)
Surgery / Invasive
Joint Aspiration
Other Procedure
K-wire Removal (Superficial)
Surgery / Invasive
Kasai Procedure (Hepatoportoenterostomy)
Surgery / Invasive
Kidney Biopsy
Diagnostic Intervention
Kidney Function Tests
Other Procedure
Kidney Function Tests (e.g., GFR, Creatinine)
Other Procedure
Kidney Function Tests (e.g., Serum Creatinine, eGFR)
Other Procedure
Kidney function tests (e.g., serum creatinine, BUN, urinalysis)
Other Procedure
Kidney transplantation
Surgery / Invasive
Kienbock's Disease Treatment (e.g., Radial Shortening Osteotomy)
Surgery / Invasive
Kienbock's Disease Treatment (e.g., Radial Shortening)
Surgery / Invasive
Knee Arthroscopy & Partial Meniscectomy
Surgery / Invasive
Knee Arthroscopy (Diagnostic)
Surgery / Invasive
Knee Arthroscopy (Diagnostic/Debridement)
Surgery / Invasive
Knee Osteoarthritis Exercise Program
Physical / Respiratory Therapy
Kyphoplasty
Surgery / Invasive
Kyphoplasty/Vertebroplasty for Pathologic Oncologic Fracture
Surgery / Invasive
LASIK (Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis)
Surgery / Invasive
LEEP (Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure)
Surgery / Invasive
LVAD Implantation (HeartMate 3)
Surgery / Invasive
LVAD Implantation - Bridge to Transplant
Surgery / Invasive
LVAD Implantation - Destination Therapy
Surgery / Invasive
Labiaplasty (Wedge Resection)
Surgery / Invasive
Laminectomy (Decompression)
Surgery / Invasive
Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Band (LAGB)
Surgery / Invasive
Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy
Surgery / Invasive
Laparoscopic Appendectomy
Surgery / Invasive
Laparoscopic Bilateral Salpingo-Oophorectomy (BSO)
Surgery / Invasive
Laparoscopic Central Pancreatectomy
Surgery / Invasive
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Laparoscopic Distal Pancreatectomy with Splenectomy
Surgery / Invasive
Laparoscopic Dor Fundoplication (Anterior 180)
Surgery / Invasive
Laparoscopic Heller Myotomy
Surgery / Invasive
Laparoscopic Hiatal Hernia Repair (Cruroplasty)
Surgery / Invasive
Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repair (TAPP)
Surgery / Invasive
Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repair (TEP)
Surgery / Invasive
Laparoscopic Left Lateral Sectionectomy (LLS)
Surgery / Invasive
Laparoscopic Liver Resection (Segmentectomy)
Surgery / Invasive
Laparoscopic Myomectomy
Surgery / Invasive
Laparoscopic Nissen Fundoplication
Surgery / Invasive
Laparoscopic Nissen Fundoplication (360 degree)
Surgery / Invasive
Laparoscopic Pyeloplasty
Surgery / Invasive
Laparoscopic Repair of Paraesophageal Hernia (Type IV)
Surgery / Invasive
Laparoscopic Right Hepatectomy
Surgery / Invasive
Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass
Surgery / Invasive
Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB)
Surgery / Invasive
Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy
Surgery / Invasive
Laparoscopic Toupet Fundoplication (270 degree)
Surgery / Invasive
Laparoscopic Varicocelectomy
Surgery / Invasive
Laparoscopic Ventral Hernia Repair (IPOM)
Surgery / Invasive
Laparoscopic Whipple (Pancreaticoduodenectomy)
Surgery / Invasive
Lariat Procedure
Surgery / Invasive
Laser Atherectomy
Surgery / Invasive
Laser Lead Extraction
Surgery / Invasive
Laser Skin Resurfacing (Ablative)
Surgery / Invasive
Latarjet Procedure (Shoulder Stabilization)
Surgery / Invasive
Lateral Ankle Ligament Reconstruction (Brostrom/Modified Brostrom)
Surgery / Invasive
Lateral Epicondyle Release (Tennis Elbow Surgery)
Surgery / Invasive
Lateral Internal Sphincterotomy (LIS)
Surgery / Invasive
Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion (LLIF/XLIF/DLIF)
Surgery / Invasive
Latissimus Dorsi Flap (Pedicled)
Surgery / Invasive
Latissimus Dorsi Myocutaneous Flap
Surgery / Invasive
Le Fort I Osteotomy
Surgery / Invasive
Le Fort II Osteotomy
Surgery / Invasive
Le Fort III Osteotomy
Surgery / Invasive
Leadless Pacemaker (Micra)
Surgery / Invasive
Left Atrial Appendage Closure (Amplatzer Amulet/Watchman FLX)
Surgery / Invasive
Left Atrial Appendage Closure (Watchman)
Surgery / Invasive
Left Heart Catheterization
Diagnostic Intervention
Left Hemicolectomy
Surgery / Invasive
Left Ventriculography
Diagnostic Intervention
Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease (Osteotomy)
Surgery / Invasive
Levator Advancement
Surgery / Invasive
Limberg (Rhomboid) Flap
Surgery / Invasive
Lipid Profile
Other Procedure
Liver Transplantation
Surgery / Invasive
Liver biopsy
Diagnostic Intervention
Lobectomy (VATS or Open)
Surgery / Invasive
Long Arm Cast Application
Physical / Respiratory Therapy
Long Arm Cast Application (Fiberglass/Plaster)
Physical / Respiratory Therapy
Long Leg Cast Application
Physical / Respiratory Therapy
Long Leg Cast Application (Fiberglass/Plaster)
Physical / Respiratory Therapy
Loop Recorder Implantation
Surgery / Invasive
Loop Recorder Removal
Surgery / Invasive
Low Anterior Resection (LAR)
Surgery / Invasive
Lumbar Laminectomy
Surgery / Invasive
Lumbar Laminectomy & Discectomy
Surgery / Invasive
Lumbar Microdiscectomy
Surgery / Invasive
Lumbar Puncture (Spinal Tap)
Diagnostic Intervention
Lumbar Spinal Fusion (TLIF)
Surgery / Invasive
Lumbar Spinal Stenosis/Disc Herniation Rehabilitation
Physical / Respiratory Therapy
Lumbar Spine Stabilization Program
Physical / Respiratory Therapy
Luminex Single Antigen Bead (SAB) Assay
Diagnostic Intervention
Lung Transplantation (Single/Bilateral)
Surgery / Invasive
Lymphovenous Bypass (LVB)
Surgery / Invasive
MAZE Procedure (AF)
Surgery / Invasive
MPFL Reconstruction (Patellar Stabilization)
Surgery / Invasive
MRI-Fusion Targeted Prostate Biopsy
Diagnostic Intervention
Male Sling Procedure
Surgery / Invasive
Manual Therapy (Mobilization/Manipulation)
Physical / Respiratory Therapy
Marginal Excision of Soft Tissue Mass (Lipoma/Fibroma)
Surgery / Invasive
Masseteric Nerve Transfer
Surgery / Invasive
Mastopexy (Auto-augmentation)
Surgery / Invasive
Mastopexy (Breast Lift)
Surgery / Invasive
Maxillofacial ORIF
Surgery / Invasive
Maxillofacial ORIF (Open Reduction Internal Fixation)
Surgery / Invasive
Meatotomy
Surgery / Invasive
Mechanical Lead Extraction
Surgery / Invasive
Medial Epicondyle Release (Golfer's Elbow Surgery)
Surgery / Invasive
Mediastinoscopy
Surgery / Invasive
Medical Expulsive Therapy (MET) Protocol
Physical / Respiratory Therapy
Medical Thoracoscopy (Pleuroscopy)
Surgery / Invasive
Meniscectomy (Arthroscopic)
Surgery / Invasive
Meniscus Repair (Arthroscopic)
Surgery / Invasive
Methacholine Challenge Test
Diagnostic Intervention
Microdiscectomy (Lumbar)
Surgery / Invasive
Microdochectomy
Surgery / Invasive
Microscopic Vasovasostomy (Vasectomy Reversal)
Surgery / Invasive
Microsurgical Nerve Repair / Graft
Surgery / Invasive
Microsurgical Varicocelectomy
Surgery / Invasive
Microvolt T-Wave Alternans
Diagnostic Intervention
Mid-Urethral Sling (TVT/TOT)
Surgery / Invasive
Midface Lift (SOOF suspension)
Surgery / Invasive
Mini-Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (Mini-PCNL)
Surgery / Invasive
Minimally Invasive CABG (MIDCAB)
Surgery / Invasive
Minimally Invasive Direct CABG (MIDCAB)
Surgery / Invasive
Minimally Invasive Parathyroidectomy
Surgery / Invasive
MitraClip Procedure
Surgery / Invasive
Mitral Valve Repair (Annuloplasty)
Surgery / Invasive
Mitral Valve Repair - Complex
Surgery / Invasive
Mitral Valve Repair - Minimally Invasive
Surgery / Invasive
Mitral Valve Replacement - Bioprosthetic
Surgery / Invasive
Mitral Valve Replacement - Mechanical
Surgery / Invasive
Mitrofanoff Appendicovesicostomy
Surgery / Invasive
Modified Radical Mastectomy
Surgery / Invasive
Mohs Defect Reconstruction (Local Flap)
Surgery / Invasive
Motorized Spiral Enteroscopy (PowerSpiral)
Diagnostic Intervention
Mucosal Ablation (ARMA - Stretta)
Surgery / Invasive
Multiligament Knee Reconstruction
Surgery / Invasive
Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT)
Diagnostic Intervention
Muscle Biopsy
Surgery / Invasive
Myringotomy with Tympanostomy Tube Insertion
Surgery / Invasive
NOTES - Cholecystectomy (Hybrid)
Surgery / Invasive
NOTES - Transgastric Appendectomy (Animal study)
Surgery / Invasive
NOTES - Transgastric Peritoneoscopy
Surgery / Invasive
Nail Avulsion/Excision
Surgery / Invasive
Nail Avulsion/Excision (Ingrown Toenail)
Surgery / Invasive
Navigational Bronchoscopy (Electromagnetic)
Diagnostic Intervention
Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS)
Diagnostic Intervention
Nerve Biopsy
Surgery / Invasive
Nerve Block (Suprascapular Nerve Block)
Injection / Infusion
Nerve Block (Suprascapular)
Injection / Infusion
Nerve Conduction Studies
Other Procedure
Nerve Conduction Studies (NCS)
Diagnostic Intervention
Nerve Conduction Study (NCS) / EMG
Diagnostic Intervention
Nerve Decompression
Surgery / Invasive
Nerve Decompression/Repair (Major Peripheral Nerve)
Surgery / Invasive
Nerve Repair/Graft (Hand/Wrist)
Surgery / Invasive
Nerve Transfer
Surgery / Invasive
Newborn Circumcision
Surgery / Invasive
Nipple-Areola Complex Reconstruction
Surgery / Invasive
Non-Calcium Based Phosphate Binder Titration
Physical / Respiratory Therapy
Non-Tunneled Dialysis Catheter Placement (Quinton)
Surgery / Invasive
Nonunion/Malunion Correction
Surgery / Invasive
Nuclear Stress Test (SPECT)
Diagnostic Intervention
Nutritional Counseling (Bone Health)
Physical / Respiratory Therapy
Nutritional Support (TPN/Enteral)
Other Procedure
ORIF - Acetabular Fracture
Surgery / Invasive
ORIF - Ankle Fracture (Unimalleolar/Bimalleolar/Trimalleolar)
Surgery / Invasive
ORIF - Calcaneus Fracture
Surgery / Invasive
ORIF - Clavicle Fracture
Surgery / Invasive
ORIF - Distal Humerus Fracture
Surgery / Invasive
ORIF - Distal Radius Fracture
Surgery / Invasive
ORIF - Femoral Condyle Fracture
Surgery / Invasive
ORIF - Femoral Neck Fracture
Surgery / Invasive
ORIF - Femur Fracture
Surgery / Invasive
ORIF - Intertrochanteric Femur Fracture
Surgery / Invasive
ORIF - Lisfranc Injury
Surgery / Invasive
ORIF - Lisfranc Injury (Midfoot)
Surgery / Invasive
ORIF - Metacarpal Fracture
Surgery / Invasive
ORIF - Metatarsal Fracture
Surgery / Invasive
ORIF - Olecranon Fracture
Surgery / Invasive
ORIF - Patella Fracture
Surgery / Invasive
ORIF - Pelvic Ring Fracture
Surgery / Invasive
ORIF - Phalangeal Fracture (Finger/Thumb)
Surgery / Invasive
ORIF - Phalangeal Fracture (Foot)
Surgery / Invasive
ORIF - Pilon Fracture (Distal Tibia)
Surgery / Invasive
ORIF - Proximal Humerus Fracture
Surgery / Invasive
ORIF - Radial Head Fracture
Surgery / Invasive
ORIF - Scaphoid Fracture
Surgery / Invasive
ORIF - Scapula Fracture
Surgery / Invasive
ORIF - Subtrochanteric Femur Fracture
Surgery / Invasive
ORIF - Talus Fracture
Surgery / Invasive
ORIF - Tibia Plateau Fracture
Surgery / Invasive
ORIF - Tibial Plateau Fracture
Surgery / Invasive
Omental Free Flap
Surgery / Invasive
Open Appendectomy
Surgery / Invasive
Open Cholecystectomy
Surgery / Invasive
Open Incisional Biopsy of Bone/Soft Tissue Tumor
Surgery / Invasive
Open Inguinal Hernia Repair (Lichtenstein)
Surgery / Invasive
Open Reduction Internal Fixation (ORIF) - Ankle
Surgery / Invasive
Open Reduction Internal Fixation (ORIF) - Ankle Fracture
Surgery / Invasive
Open Reduction for Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH)
Surgery / Invasive
Open Rotator Cuff Repair
Surgery / Invasive
Open Simple Prostatectomy
Surgery / Invasive
Ophthalmologic examination
Other Procedure
Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)
Diagnostic Intervention
Optical Internal Urethrotomy (DVIU)
Surgery / Invasive
Orbital Atherectomy
Surgery / Invasive
Orchidopexy
Surgery / Invasive
Orthognathic Surgery (BSSO / Le Fort I)
Surgery / Invasive
Orthotopic Neobladder Reconstruction
Surgery / Invasive
Osteoarthritis Management Exercise Program (Knee/Hip)
Physical / Respiratory Therapy
Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation (OCA) (Knee)
Surgery / Invasive
Otoplasty
Surgery / Invasive
Oxygen Administration
Other Procedure
PASCAL Mitral Repair System
Surgery / Invasive
PCI - Bare Metal Stent
Surgery / Invasive
PCI - Bare Metal Stent (BMS)
Surgery / Invasive
PCI - Bioresorbable Scaffold
Surgery / Invasive
PCI - Bioresorbable Vascular Scaffold
Surgery / Invasive
PCI - Drug Eluting Stent
Surgery / Invasive
PCL Reconstruction
Surgery / Invasive
PET Stress Test
Diagnostic Intervention
PFO Closure
Surgery / Invasive
POEM - Failed Heller myotomy
Surgery / Invasive
POEM - Sigmoid esophagus
Surgery / Invasive
PRK (Photorefractive Keratectomy)
Surgery / Invasive
PRP (Platelet-Rich Plasma) Injection - Knee
Injection / Infusion
PVC Ablation
Surgery / Invasive
Pacemaker - Dual Chamber
Surgery / Invasive
Pacemaker - Dual Chamber (DDD)
Surgery / Invasive
Pacemaker - Leadless (Micra)
Surgery / Invasive
Pacemaker - Single Chamber
Surgery / Invasive
Pacemaker - Single Chamber (VVI)
Surgery / Invasive
Panniculectomy
Surgery / Invasive
Panretinal Photocoagulation (PRP) Laser
Surgery / Invasive
Paracentesis
Surgery / Invasive
Paracentesis (HF)
Diagnostic Intervention
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) level measurement
Other Procedure
Parathyroidectomy
Other Procedure
Pars Plana Vitrectomy (PPV)
Surgery / Invasive
Partial Calcanectomy
Surgery / Invasive
Partial or Total Sacrectomy
Surgery / Invasive
Pasteurized Autograft Reimplantation
Surgery / Invasive
Patellofemoral Arthroplasty
Surgery / Invasive
Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome Rehabilitation
Physical / Respiratory Therapy
Patent Ductus Arteriosus Closure
Surgery / Invasive
Patient Education (Condition Specific)
Other Procedure
Pediatric Peritoneal Dialysis Prescription
Physical / Respiratory Therapy
Pediatric Spica Cast Application
Surgery / Invasive
Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection (PLND)
Surgery / Invasive
Penile Fracture Repair
Surgery / Invasive
Penile Prosthesis Implantation (Inflatable 3-Piece)
Surgery / Invasive
Penile Prosthesis Implantation (Malleable)
Surgery / Invasive
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) - Drug-Eluting Stent
Surgery / Invasive
Percutaneous Dilatational Tracheostomy
Surgery / Invasive
Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy (PEG)
Surgery / Invasive
Percutaneous Epididymal Sperm Aspiration (PESA)
Surgery / Invasive
Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) - Nephrology Peri-Op Management
Surgery / Invasive
Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) - Standard
Surgery / Invasive
Percutaneous Nephrostomy Tube Placement
Surgery / Invasive
Percutaneous Nephrostomy Tube Placement (Allograft)
Surgery / Invasive
Percutaneous Parathyroid Ethanol Injection (PEIT)
Surgery / Invasive
Percutaneous Transluminal Septal Myocardial Ablation (PTSMA)
Surgery / Invasive
Percutaneous Ultrasound-Guided Native Kidney Biopsy
Diagnostic Intervention
Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL)
Surgery / Invasive
Peri-acetabular Osteotomy (PAO) (Ganz Osteotomy)
Surgery / Invasive
Periacetabular Tumor Reconstruction (Harrington Procedure)
Surgery / Invasive
Pericardial Window
Other Procedure
Pericardiectomy
Surgery / Invasive
Pericardiocentesis
Other Procedure
Pericardiocentesis - Ultrasound Guided
Other Procedure
Peripheral Nerve Repair
Surgery / Invasive
Peritoneal Dialysis
Physical / Respiratory Therapy
Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Exit Site Care
Physical / Respiratory Therapy
Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Placement
Physical / Respiratory Therapy
Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Placement (Tenckhoff Catheter)
Surgery / Invasive
Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Removal
Physical / Respiratory Therapy
Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Revision
Physical / Respiratory Therapy
Peritoneal Equilibration Test (PET)
Diagnostic Intervention
Peritoneal Fluid Analysis
Other Procedure
Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy (POEM)
Surgery / Invasive
Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy (POEM) - Classic
Surgery / Invasive
Peyronie's Plaque Incision and Grafting
Surgery / Invasive
Peyronie's Plication (Nesbit Procedure)
Surgery / Invasive
Phacoemulsification with IOL Implantation
Surgery / Invasive
Phalloplasty: Anterolateral Thigh (ALT)
Surgery / Invasive
Phalloplasty: Radial Forearm Free Flap
Surgery / Invasive
Pharyngeal Flap
Surgery / Invasive
Phase Contrast Microscopy of Urine Sediment
Diagnostic Intervention
Photoselective Vaporization of Prostate (GreenLight PVP)
Surgery / Invasive
Phototherapy (Bili Lights)
Physical / Respiratory Therapy
Pigtail Catheter Insertion
Surgery / Invasive
Pilonidal Cystectomy (Excision and Primary Closure)
Surgery / Invasive
Pilonidal Cystectomy (Rhomboid / Limberg Flap)
Surgery / Invasive
Plantar Fascia Injection (Corticosteroid)
Injection / Infusion
Plantar Fascia Injection (Steroid)
Injection / Infusion
Plantar Fascia Release (Open/Endoscopic)
Surgery / Invasive
Plaque Excision (Directional Atherectomy)
Other Procedure
Plasma exchange
Physical / Respiratory Therapy
Plasmapheresis
Physical / Respiratory Therapy
Platelet count monitoring
Other Procedure
Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) Injection
Injection / Infusion
Platysmaplasty (Corset)
Surgery / Invasive
Pleurectomy / Decortication
Surgery / Invasive
Pleurodesis
Other Procedure
Pneumonectomy
Surgery / Invasive
Point-of-Care Ultrasound (POCUS)
Diagnostic Intervention
Polydactyly Excision
Surgery / Invasive
Polysomnography (Diagnostic Sleep Study)
Diagnostic Intervention
Polysomnography (Sleep Study)
Diagnostic Intervention
Port-A-Cath Insertion
Surgery / Invasive
Post-Fracture Rehabilitation (Upper/Lower Limb)
Physical / Respiratory Therapy
Post-Op ACL Reconstruction Rehabilitation Protocol
Physical / Respiratory Therapy
Post-Op ACL Rehab Protocol
Physical / Respiratory Therapy
Posterior Cervical Fusion (PCF)
Surgery / Invasive
Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion (PLIF)
Surgery / Invasive
Posterior Spinal Fusion (Thoracic/Lumbar - multi-level)
Surgery / Invasive
Posterior Tibial Tendon Reconstruction (Flatfoot)
Surgery / Invasive
Pre-emptive Kidney Transplantation
Surgery / Invasive
Pre-operative Embolization of Bone Tumor
Surgery / Invasive
Primary Obesity Surgery Endoluminal (POSE 2.0)
Surgery / Invasive
Propeller Flap
Surgery / Invasive
Prophylactic Intramedullary Nailing (Femur)
Surgery / Invasive
Prophylactic Intramedullary Nailing (Humerus)
Surgery / Invasive
Proximal Fibulectomy (Tumor Resection)
Surgery / Invasive
Proximal Tibial Osteotomy for Genu Varum (Bow-Leg)
Surgery / Invasive
Pterygium Excision with Conjunctival Autograft
Surgery / Invasive
Pulmonary Function Tests
Other Procedure
Pulmonary Thromboendarterectomy
Surgery / Invasive
Pulmonary Valve Replacement
Surgery / Invasive
Punctal Plug Insertion
Surgery / Invasive
Pyloromyotomy
Surgery / Invasive
Quantitative CMV/EBV Viral Load Monitoring Protocol
Diagnostic Intervention
Quantitative Sensory Testing (QST)
Diagnostic Intervention
RVAD Implantation
Surgery / Invasive
Radical Cystectomy
Surgery / Invasive
Radical Inguinal Orchiectomy
Surgery / Invasive
Radical Nephrectomy (Laparoscopic/Open)
Surgery / Invasive
Radical Nephroureterectomy
Surgery / Invasive
Radical Prostatectomy (Robot-Assisted/Laparoscopic)
Surgery / Invasive
Radical Resection of Bone Tumor (Limb Salvage)
Surgery / Invasive
Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA) of Osteoid Osteoma
Surgery / Invasive
Ray Amputation (Hand)
Surgery / Invasive
Reduction Mammaplasty
Surgery / Invasive
Reduction of Radial Head Subluxation (Nursemaid's Elbow)
Surgery / Invasive
Referral for Prosthetics/Orthotics
Other Procedure
Referral to Neurology
Other Procedure
Referral to Pain Management
Other Procedure
Referral to Podiatry
Other Procedure
Referral to Rheumatology
Other Procedure
Regional Citrate Anticoagulation (RCA) Protocol Management
Physical / Respiratory Therapy
Removable Walking Boot (CAM Walker) Fitting
Other Procedure
Removal of Superficial Hardware
Surgery / Invasive
Renal Angiography with Transluminal Stenting
Surgery / Invasive
Renal Artery Angiography
Surgery / Invasive
Renal Artery Angioplasty
Other Procedure
Renal Artery Stenting
Other Procedure
Renal Denervation
Other Procedure
Renal Function Tests
Other Procedure
Renal Replacement Therapy (e.g., Hemodialysis, CRRT)
Physical / Respiratory Therapy
Renal Sympathetic Denervation
Surgery / Invasive
Renal Ultrasound
Other Procedure
Renal biopsy
Diagnostic Intervention
Renal biopsy (if etiology is unclear or to assess severity)
Diagnostic Intervention
Renal function testing
Other Procedure
Renal function tests (e.g., serum creatinine, eGFR)
Other Procedure
Renal replacement therapy (e.g., Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy - CRRT)
Physical / Respiratory Therapy
Renal replacement therapy (e.g., hemodialysis, continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration)
Physical / Respiratory Therapy
Replantation of Digit
Surgery / Invasive
Responsive Neurostimulation (RNS)
Surgery / Invasive
Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery (RIRS)
Surgery / Invasive
Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection (RPLND)
Surgery / Invasive
Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty
Surgery / Invasive
Reverse Sural Artery Flap
Surgery / Invasive
Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty (rTSA)
Surgery / Invasive
Rezum Water Vapor Therapy
Surgery / Invasive
Rhinoplasty (Open/Closed)
Surgery / Invasive
Rhytidectomy (Facelift)
Surgery / Invasive
Right Heart Catheterization
Diagnostic Intervention
Right Hemicolectomy
Surgery / Invasive
Right Hepatectomy
Surgery / Invasive
Rigid Bronchoscopy
Surgery / Invasive
Robotic CABG (TECAB)
Surgery / Invasive
Robotic Partial Nephrectomy
Surgery / Invasive
Root Canal Therapy (Endodontic Treatment)
Surgery / Invasive
Rotational Atherectomy
Surgery / Invasive
Rotationplasty (Van Nes Procedure)
Surgery / Invasive
Rotator Cuff Repair (Arthroscopic)
Surgery / Invasive
Rotator Cuff Repair Rehabilitation Protocol
Physical / Respiratory Therapy
SVT Ablation
Surgery / Invasive
Sacral Neuromodulation (InterStim) Implant
Surgery / Invasive
Sacroiliac (SI) Joint Fusion
Surgery / Invasive
Sacroiliac (SI) Joint Injection (Corticosteroid)
Injection / Infusion
Salter Innominate Osteotomy (DDH)
Surgery / Invasive
Scaling and Root Planing (SRP)
Surgery / Invasive
Scapholunate Ligament Reconstruction
Surgery / Invasive
Scapular Tip Free Flap
Surgery / Invasive
Scar Revision (Dermabrasion)
Surgery / Invasive
Scoliosis Correction (Posterior Spinal Fusion)
Surgery / Invasive
Scoliosis Spinal Fusion
Surgery / Invasive
Selective Dorsal Rhizotomy (SDR)
Surgery / Invasive
Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty (SLT)
Surgery / Invasive
Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy (SLNB)
Surgery / Invasive
Septal Myectomy (HOCM)
Surgery / Invasive
Serum Albumin Measurement
Other Procedure
Serum Complement Levels (C3, C4)
Other Procedure
Serum Complement Levels (C3, C4, CH50)
Other Procedure
Serum Creatinine Measurement
Other Procedure
Serum Creatinine Monitoring
Other Procedure
Serum Creatinine and BUN Measurement
Other Procedure
Serum Protein Electrophoresis with Immunofixation
Other Procedure
Serum electrolyte measurement
Other Procedure
Serum protein electrophoresis
Other Procedure
Seton Placement
Surgery / Invasive
Short Arm Cast Application
Physical / Respiratory Therapy
Short Arm Cast Application (Fiberglass/Plaster)
Physical / Respiratory Therapy
Short Leg Cast Application
Physical / Respiratory Therapy
Short Leg Cast Application (Fiberglass/Plaster)
Physical / Respiratory Therapy
Shoulder Arthroplasty (Total)
Surgery / Invasive
Shoulder Arthroscopy & Rotator Cuff Repair
Surgery / Invasive
Shoulder Arthroscopy (Diagnostic)
Surgery / Invasive
Shoulder Arthroscopy (Diagnostic/Debridement)
Surgery / Invasive
Shoulder Impingement Rehab Protocol
Physical / Respiratory Therapy
Shoulder Impingement Syndrome Rehabilitation
Physical / Respiratory Therapy
Signal-Averaged ECG
Diagnostic Intervention
Signal-Averaged ECG (SAECG)
Diagnostic Intervention
Simple Mastectomy
Surgery / Invasive
Single-Balloon Enteroscopy (SBE)
Diagnostic Intervention
Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT)
Diagnostic Intervention
Skin Biopsy for Nerve Fiber Density
Surgery / Invasive
Skin Expander Placement (Craniofacial)
Surgery / Invasive
Skin biopsy
Diagnostic Intervention
Slow Continuous Ultrafiltration (SCUF)
Physical / Respiratory Therapy
Slowed Dialysis Rate
Physical / Respiratory Therapy
Smoking Cessation Counseling
Physical / Respiratory Therapy
Soft Tissue Mass Biopsy
Diagnostic Intervention
Soft Tissue Mass Biopsy (Core Needle, US-Guided)
Diagnostic Intervention
Soft Tissue Sarcoma Excision
Surgery / Invasive
Spacer Placement (Infected Arthroplasty)
Surgery / Invasive
Spermatocelectomy
Surgery / Invasive
Sphincter Pharyngoplasty
Surgery / Invasive
Spica Cast Application (Hip/Thumb)
Physical / Respiratory Therapy
Spinal Cord Stimulator (SCS) Trial
Surgery / Invasive
Spinal Cord Stimulator Implantation
Surgery / Invasive
Spinal Decompression and Stabilization (Posterior)
Surgery / Invasive
Spinal Deformity Correction (Adult)
Surgery / Invasive
Spinal Fusion for Scoliosis (Pediatric)
Surgery / Invasive
Spinal Tumor Excision
Surgery / Invasive
Spinal Tumor Excision (Laminectomy/Corpectomy)
Surgery / Invasive
Spiral Enteroscopy (SE)
Diagnostic Intervention
Spirometry (Pre and Post Bronchodilator)
Diagnostic Intervention
Splenectomy (Open / Laparoscopic)
Surgery / Invasive
Splint Application (Sugar Tong/Coaptation/Back Slab)
Physical / Respiratory Therapy
Split Thickness Skin Graft (STSG)
Surgery / Invasive
Split-Thickness Skin Graft (STSG)
Surgery / Invasive
Staple Removal
Other Procedure
Stent placement
Other Procedure
Stereotactic Radiosurgery (Gamma Knife)
Surgery / Invasive
Sternal Wound Reconstruction
Surgery / Invasive
Strabismus Surgery (Recession/Resection)
Surgery / Invasive
Stress ECG (Treadmill)
Diagnostic Intervention
Stress Echo (Dobutamine)
Diagnostic Intervention
Stress Echo (Exercise)
Diagnostic Intervention
Subacromial Bursa Injection (Corticosteroid)
Injection / Infusion
Subcutaneous ICD (S-ICD)
Surgery / Invasive
Subcutaneous ICD (S-ICD) Implantation
Surgery / Invasive
Subtalar Arthrodesis (Fusion)
Surgery / Invasive
Suction-Assisted Lipectomy (Liposuction)
Surgery / Invasive
Sugar Tong Splint Application
Physical / Respiratory Therapy
Superior Gluteal Artery Perforator (SGAP) Flap
Surgery / Invasive
Supramicrosurgical Anastomosis
Surgery / Invasive
Suprapubic Catheter Insertion
Surgery / Invasive
Sural Nerve Graft
Surgery / Invasive
Sural Nerve Graft Harvest
Surgery / Invasive
Surgical Correction of Mallet Finger
Surgery / Invasive
Surgical Extraction of Impacted Wisdom Tooth
Surgery / Invasive
Surgical Tracheostomy
Surgery / Invasive
Sustained Low-Efficiency Dialysis (SLED / PIRRT)
Physical / Respiratory Therapy
Suture Removal
Surgery / Invasive
Suture-Mediated Vascular Closure
Surgery / Invasive
Sweat Test Administration
Diagnostic Intervention
Syme Amputation (Ankle Disarticulation)
Surgery / Invasive
Syndactyly Release
Surgery / Invasive
TAVR (Transcatheter Aortic Valve)
Surgery / Invasive
TEVAR (Thoracic Endovascular Repair)
Surgery / Invasive
TIF with Hiatal Hernia Repair (cTIF)
Surgery / Invasive
TMJ Arthrocentesis / Arthroscopy
Surgery / Invasive
TMVR (Transcatheter Mitral Valve)
Surgery / Invasive
TRAM Flap
Surgery / Invasive
TRUS-Guided Prostate Biopsy
Diagnostic Intervention
TandemHeart Insertion
Other Procedure
Targeted Muscle Reinnervation (TMR)
Surgery / Invasive
Tarsal Tunnel Release
Surgery / Invasive
Tendon Transfer
Surgery / Invasive
Tendon Transfer (Hand/Wrist)
Surgery / Invasive
Tendon Transfer (e.g., Foot Drop)
Surgery / Invasive
Testicular Prosthesis Insertion
Surgery / Invasive
Testicular Sperm Aspiration (TESA)
Surgery / Invasive
Testicular Sperm Extraction (micro-TESE)
Surgery / Invasive
Therapeutic Apheresis (e.g., Plasmapheresis)
Physical / Respiratory Therapy
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (Tacrolimus/Cyclosporine)
Diagnostic Intervention
Therapeutic Hypothermia
Other Procedure
Therapeutic Hypothermia (Targeted Temperature Management)
Other Procedure
Therapeutic Phlebotomy for Post-Transplant Erythrocytosis
Physical / Respiratory Therapy
Therapeutic Plasma Exchange (TPE / Plasmapheresis)
Physical / Respiratory Therapy
Thighplasty (Thigh Lift)
Surgery / Invasive
Thoracentesis
Diagnostic Intervention
Thoracentesis (Diagnostic/Therapeutic)
Surgery / Invasive
Thoracoabdominal Aneurysm Repair
Surgery / Invasive
Thoracoabdominal Aneurysm Repair (Crawford)
Surgery / Invasive
Thoracoacromial Artery Perforator Flap
Surgery / Invasive
Thrombectomy
Surgery / Invasive
Thrombectomy (Aspiration)
Surgery / Invasive
Thrombophilia workup
Other Procedure
Thulium Laser Enucleation of Prostate (ThuLEP)
Surgery / Invasive
Thyroid Lobectomy
Surgery / Invasive
Tibial Osteotomy for Genu Varum (Bow-Leg)
Surgery / Invasive
Tikhoff-Linberg Procedure
Surgery / Invasive
Tilt Table Test
Diagnostic Intervention
Tissue Expander Exchange to Permanent Implant
Surgery / Invasive
Tissue Expander Insertion
Surgery / Invasive
Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy (T&A)
Surgery / Invasive
Torticollis Release (Sternocleidomastoid Myotomy)
Surgery / Invasive
Total Abdominal Hysterectomy (TAH)
Surgery / Invasive
Total Ankle Arthroplasty (TAA)
Surgery / Invasive
Total Artificial Heart (SynCardia)
Surgery / Invasive
Total Artificial Heart (TAH)
Surgery / Invasive
Total Calcanectomy
Surgery / Invasive
Total Claviculectomy
Surgery / Invasive
Total Elbow Arthroplasty (TEA)
Surgery / Invasive
Total Femur Replacement
Surgery / Invasive
Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA)
Surgery / Invasive
Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA) - Primary
Surgery / Invasive
Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA) - Revision
Surgery / Invasive
Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA)
Surgery / Invasive
Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) - Primary
Surgery / Invasive
Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) - Revision
Surgery / Invasive
Total Knee Arthroplasty Rehabilitation Protocol
Surgery / Invasive
Total Knee Replacement Rehab Protocol
Physical / Respiratory Therapy
Total Scapulectomy
Surgery / Invasive
Total Shoulder Arthroplasty (TSA)
Surgery / Invasive
Total Talectomy (Astragalectomy)
Surgery / Invasive
Total Thyroidectomy
Surgery / Invasive
Totally Endoscopic CABG (TECAB)
Surgery / Invasive
Trabeculectomy
Surgery / Invasive
Tracheal Shave (Chondrolaryngoplasty)
Surgery / Invasive
Transbronchial Lung Biopsy (TBLB)
Surgery / Invasive
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR)
Surgery / Invasive
Transcatheter Caval Valve Implantation (CAVI)
Surgery / Invasive
Transcatheter Mitral Valve Repair (MitraClip)
Surgery / Invasive
Transcatheter Mitral Valve Replacement (TMVR)
Surgery / Invasive
Transcatheter Pulmonary Valve Replacement (TPVR)
Surgery / Invasive
Transcatheter Tricuspid Edge-to-Edge Repair (TEER)
Surgery / Invasive
Transcatheter Tricuspid Valve Repair (TriClip)
Surgery / Invasive
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)
Physical / Respiratory Therapy
Transcutaneous Pacing
Other Procedure
Transfemoral PCI
Surgery / Invasive
Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion (TLIF)
Surgery / Invasive
Transjugular Kidney Biopsy
Diagnostic Intervention
Transoral Incisionless Fundoplication (TIF 2.0)
Surgery / Invasive
Transoral Incisionless Fundoplication (TIF)
Surgery / Invasive
Transperineal Prostate Biopsy
Diagnostic Intervention
Transradial PCI
Surgery / Invasive
Transurethral Incision of Prostate (TUIP)
Surgery / Invasive
Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor (TURBT)
Surgery / Invasive
Transurethral Resection of Prostate (TURP)
Surgery / Invasive
Transvenous Temporary Pacemaker
Other Procedure
TriClip (Tricuspid Repair)
Surgery / Invasive
Triceps Tendon Repair
Surgery / Invasive
Tricuspid Valve Repair
Surgery / Invasive
Tricuspid Valve Replacement
Surgery / Invasive
Trigger Finger Release
Surgery / Invasive
Trigger Point Injection
Injection / Infusion
Trigger Point Injection (Myofascial Pain)
Injection / Infusion
Triple Arthrodesis (Foot Fusion)
Surgery / Invasive
Triple Valve Surgery
Surgery / Invasive
Trochanteric Bursa Injection (Corticosteroid)
Injection / Infusion
Trochanteric Bursa Injection (Steroid)
Injection / Infusion
Tubal Ligation (Laparoscopic)
Surgery / Invasive
Tube Thoracostomy (Chest Tube Insertion)
Surgery / Invasive
Tumor Endoprosthetic Reconstruction
Surgery / Invasive
Tumor Endoprosthetic Reconstruction (Distal Femur)
Surgery / Invasive
Tumor Endoprosthetic Reconstruction (Proximal Femur)
Surgery / Invasive
Tumor Endoprosthetic Reconstruction (Proximal Humerus)
Surgery / Invasive
Tumor Endoprosthetic Reconstruction (Proximal Tibia)
Surgery / Invasive
Tunneled Hemodialysis Catheter Insertion (Permcath)
Surgery / Invasive
Tunneled Pleural Catheter (PleurX) Placement
Surgery / Invasive
Type I Pelvic Resection (Ilium)
Surgery / Invasive
Type II Pelvic Resection (Periacetabular)
Surgery / Invasive
Type III Pelvic Resection (Ischium/Pubis)
Surgery / Invasive
Ulnar Collateral Ligament (UCL) Reconstruction (Tommy John Surgery)
Surgery / Invasive
Ulnar Collateral Ligament (UCL) Reconstruction (Tommy John)
Surgery / Invasive
Ulnar Nerve Transposition (Cubital Tunnel Release)
Surgery / Invasive
Ultrafiltration profiling
Other Procedure
Umbilical Hernia Repair with Mesh
Surgery / Invasive
Umbilical Vein Catheterization (UVC)
Surgery / Invasive
Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty (UKA)
Surgery / Invasive
Ureteroscopy (URS) with Laser Lithotripsy
Surgery / Invasive
Ureteroscopy with Laser Lithotripsy
Surgery / Invasive
Ureteroscopy with stone fragmentation and removal
Other Procedure
Urethroplasty (Buccal Mucosal Graft)
Surgery / Invasive
Urinalysis
Other Procedure
Urinalysis with Protein Measurement
Other Procedure
Urine Cytology for BKV
Other Procedure
Urine Output Monitoring
Other Procedure
Urine Protein Electrophoresis with Immunofixation
Other Procedure
Urine alkalinization
Other Procedure
Urine analysis
Other Procedure
Urine anion gap calculation
Other Procedure
Urine culture and sensitivity testing
Other Procedure
Urine pH measurement
Other Procedure
UroLift System Implantation
Surgery / Invasive
Urodynamic Studies (UDS) - Complete
Diagnostic Intervention
Uroflowmetry with Post-Void Residual
Diagnostic Intervention
V-Y Advancement Flap
Surgery / Invasive
VATS (Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery)
Surgery / Invasive
VATS Bullectomy and Pleurodesis
Surgery / Invasive
VATS Lung Biopsy (Wedge Resection)
Surgery / Invasive
VT Ablation
Surgery / Invasive
Vaginal Delivery (Normal Spontaneous - NSVD)
Surgery / Invasive
Vaginoplasty: Penile Inversion
Surgery / Invasive
Vaginoplasty: Robotic Intestinal
Surgery / Invasive
Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS)
Other Procedure
Vagus Nerve Stimulator (VNS) Implantation
Surgery / Invasive
Vascular Repair (Trauma - with Vascular Surgeon)
Surgery / Invasive
Vascular Repair (Trauma)
Surgery / Invasive
Vascular access creation (e.g., AV fistula, AV graft)
Surgery / Invasive
Vascularized Free Fibular Flap (Reconstruction)
Surgery / Invasive
Vascularized Lymph Node Transfer (VLNT)
Surgery / Invasive
Vasectomy (No-Scalpel)
Surgery / Invasive
Vasoepididymostomy
Surgery / Invasive
Vein of Marshall Ethanol Ablation
Surgery / Invasive
Veno-Arterial ECMO Weaning and Decannulation
Surgery / Invasive
Venography
Other Procedure
Ventral/Incisional Hernia Repair (Rives-Stoppa)
Surgery / Invasive
Ventricular Septal Defect Closure
Surgery / Invasive
Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) Shunt Placement
Surgery / Invasive
Vertebral Body Tethering (Scoliosis)
Surgery / Invasive
Vertebroplasty
Surgery / Invasive
Vesicovaginal Fistula Repair
Surgery / Invasive
Viscosupplementation Injection - Knee (Hyaluronic Acid)
Injection / Infusion
Water Deprivation Test
Diagnostic Intervention
Weight Management Counseling
Physical / Respiratory Therapy
Wide Local Excision (Melanoma)
Surgery / Invasive
Wide Local Excision of Soft Tissue Sarcoma
Surgery / Invasive
Wound Debridement (Necrotizing Fasciitis)
Surgery / Invasive
Wound debridement
Surgery / Invasive
Wrist Arthrodesis (Fusion)
Surgery / Invasive
YAG Laser Capsulotomy
Surgery / Invasive
Z-Plasty Scar Revision
Surgery / Invasive
Zenker's Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy (Z-POEM)
Surgery / Invasive
ankle osteoarthritis
Other Procedure